Changes in prevalence of nonfatal coronary heart disease in the United States from 1971-1994.

Objective: To examine temporal trends in the prevalence of nonfatal coronary heart disease in the United States.

Design: Four national cross-sectional health surveys: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I (1971-1975), NHANES II (1976-1980), NHANES III (1988-1994), and Hispanic HANES (HHANES) (1982-1984).

Setting: United States.

Serum total cholesterol concentrations and awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia among US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2000.

Background: Serum cholesterol concentrations have decreased in the US population. Whether the decline continued during the 1990s is unknown.

Methods And Results: We used data from 4148 men and women aged > or =20 years who had a total cholesterol determination or reported using cholesterol-lowering medications and who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2000 (this is a cross-sectional health examination survey of the US population), and we compared the results with data from 15 719 participants in NHANES III (1988 to 1994).

Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study.

Objective: Illicit drug use is identified in Healthy People 2010 as a leading health indicator because it is associated with multiple deleterious health outcomes, such as sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, and numerous social problems among adolescents and adults. Improved understanding of the influence of stressful or traumatic childhood experiences on initiation and development of drug abuse is needed.

Methods: We examined the relationship between illicit drug use and 10 categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and total number of ACEs (ACE score).

A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two definitions: one proposed by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III [ATP III]) and one by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Research Design And Methods: We used data from a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the U.S.

A mathematical model of the electrophysiological alterations in rat ventricular myocytes in type-I diabetes.

Our mathematical model of the rat ventricular myocyte (Pandit et al., 2001) was utilized to explore the ionic mechanism(s) that underlie the altered electrophysiological characteristics associated with the short-term model of streptozotocin-induced, type-I diabetes. The simulations show that the observed reductions in the Ca(2+)-independent transient outward K(+) current (I(t)) and the steady-state outward K(+) current (I(ss)), along with slowed inactivation of the L-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL)), can result in the prolongation of the action potential duration, a well-known experimental finding.

Mathematical model of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current I(Kr) in rabbit sinoatrial node.

Introduction: A rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (I(Kr)) is known to have an important role in determining the properties of spontaneous pacing in enzymatically isolated rabbit sinoatrial node (SAN) cells. The functional characteristics of I(Kr) are conferred by its dependence on time, voltage, and external potassium. The aim of this study was to develop a rigorous mathematical representation for I(Kr) based on experimental findings and to investigate the role of I(Kr) in the automaticity and intercellular communication of SAN cells.

The heart, kidney, and brain as target organs in hypertension.

The heart, kidney, brain, and arterial blood vessels are prime targets of hypertensive damage. Uncontrolled hypertension accelerates the damage to these organs and results in eventual organ failure and cardiovascular death and disability. Current guidelines for the appropriate treatment and control of hypertension requires an assessment of the presence of target organ damage.

Adverse childhood experiences and risk of paternity in teen pregnancy.

Objective: Few studies have investigated risk factors that predispose males to be involved in teen pregnancies. To provide new information on such factors, we examined the relationships of eight common adverse childhood experiences to a male's risk of impregnating a teenager.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using questionnaire responses from 7399 men who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization in California.

Associations of hyperinsulinemia and hypertension independent of body mass among white, black, and Mexican-American adults without diabetes.

Objective: In a cross-sectional study, we examined the association between hyperinsulinemia and hypertension, independent of body mass, among White non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, and Mexican-American adults without diabetes.

Methods: Data are from 8,004 adults, aged > or = 20 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Univariate differences in C-peptide levels (fasting) were examined in normotensives and hypertensives by racial or ethnic group.

Apolipoproteins A-1 and B and the likelihood of non-fatal stroke and myocardial infarction -- data from The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: The measurement of plasma apolipoproteins (APO) has been proposed for predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between APOs and stroke is not well defined.

Material/methods: We evaluated the association between plasma concentrations of APO A-1 and APO B with a physician diagnosis of stroke (n=153), and electrocardiogram evidence or physician diagnosis of myocardial infarction (n=379), in a nationally representative sample of 3,696 US adults aged >40 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease defined by the ankle-brachial index among American Indians: the Inter-Tribal Heart Project.

Objectives: This study examines the prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Methods: Linear and logistic regression were used to analyze cross-sectional data from 1333 Chippewa and Menominee Indians.

Results: Approximately 6.

Physician advice, patient actions, and health-related quality of life in secondary prevention of stroke through diet and exercise.

Background And Purpose: Healthy diet and exercise are recommended for secondary prevention in stroke patients. We examined the prevalence of persons with stroke who received physician advice for, and engaged in, dietary change and exercise, and we also sought to determine whether engaging in these actions was associated with differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods: Data are from 51 193 participants in the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Context: The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) highlights the importance of treating patients with the metabolic syndrome to prevent cardiovascular disease. Limited information is available about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, however.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States as defined by the ATP III report.

The impact of outpatient diabetes management on serum lipids in urban African-Americans with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Treating dyslipidemia in diabetic patients is essential, particularly among minority populations with increased risk of complications. Because little is known about the impact of outpatient diabetes management on lipid outcomes, we examined changes in lipid profiles in urban African-Americans who attended a structured diabetes care program.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective analysis of initial and 1-year follow-up lipid values was conducted among patients selected from a computerized registry of an urban outpatient diabetes clinic.