Retrograde filling of a thoracic spinal artery during transforaminal injection.

Introduction: Transforaminal injection of steroids has been associated with infrequent but devastating neurological complications and death. Direct injection of particulate steroids into the vertebral artery or medullary arteries is the leading theory in the majority of these complications. Practice guidelines have been published to minimize the likelihood of directly encountering vulnerable arterial structures.

Ventral innervation of the lateral C1-C2 joint: an anatomical study.

Objective: Clinical observation has suggested the presence of ventral cervical extra-articular pain pathways in patients with C1-C2 joint pain. However, the existence of ventral innervation to the C1-C2 joint has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine whether ventral innervation to the lateral C1-C2 joint exists, and to describe its relational anatomy.

The nature of neck pain in a private pain clinic in the United States.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of different causes of neck pain in a private practice clinic.

Design: A retrospective audit of records.

Setting: A private spine pain clinic in the state of Washington, USA.

Sensory stimulation-guided sacroiliac joint radiofrequency neurotomy: technique based on neuroanatomy of the dorsal sacral plexus.

Study Design: A retrospective audit and examination of anatomic findings.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of sensory stimulation-guided radiofrequency neurotomy for the treatment of recalcitrant sacroiliac joint pain.

Summary Of Background Data: Sacroiliac joint-mediated pain is a distinct clinical entity.