Interleukin (IL)-1/IL-6-Inhibitor-Associated Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DReSS) in Systemic Inflammatory Illnesses.

Background: After introducing IL-1/IL-6 inhibitors, some patients with Still and Still-like disease developed unusual, often fatal, pulmonary disease. This complication was associated with scoring as DReSS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) implicating these inhibitors, although DReSS can be difficult to recognize in the setting of systemic inflammatory disease.

Objective: To facilitate recognition of IL-1/IL-6 inhibitor-DReSS in systemic inflammatory illnesses (Still/Still-like) by looking at timing and reaction-associated features.

Out-of-hospital births and infant mortality in the United States: Effect measure modification by rural maternal residence.

Background: Out-of-hospital births have been increasing in the United States, and home births are almost twice as common in rural vs. urban counties. Planned home births and births in rural areas have each been associated with an increased risk of infant mortality.

A Taxonomic Index for Retrieval of Digitized Whole Slide Images from an Electronic Database for Medical School and Pathology Residency Education.

Since the advent of whole slide imaging, the utility of digitized slides for education in medical school and residency has been amply documented. Pathology departments at most major academic medical centers have made digitized slides available to pathology residents for study, even before the use of digitized slides for clinical purposes (i.e.

IL-17 Receptor Signaling in the Lung Epithelium Is Required for Mucosal Chemokine Gradients and Pulmonary Host Defense against K. pneumoniae.

The cytokine IL-17, and signaling via its heterodimeric IL-17RA/IL-17RC receptor, is critical for host defense against extracellular bacterial and fungal pathogens. Polarized lung epithelial cells express IL-17RA and IL-17RC basolaterally. However, their contribution to IL-17-dependent pulmonary defenses in vivo remains to be determined.

Dose-Dependent Suppression of Cytokine production from T cells by a Novel Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta Inhibitor.

There remains a significant need for development of effective small molecules that can inhibit cytokine-mediated inflammation. Phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) is a direct upstream activator of AKT, and plays a critical role in multiple cell signaling pathways, cell cycle progression, and cell growth, and PI3K inhibitors have been approved or are in clinical development. We examined novel PI3Kdelta inhibitors, which are highly selective for the p110delta isoform of in CD3/CD28 stimulated T-cell cytokine production.

"How Would You Feel? What Would You Do?" Development and Underpinnings of Preschoolers' Social Information Processing.

Young children's social information processing (SIP) encompasses a series of steps by which they make sense of encounters with other persons; both cognitive and emotional aspects of SIP often predict adjustment in school settings. More attention is needed, however, to the development of preschoolers' SIP and its potential foundations. To this end, a new preschool SIP measure, the Challenging Situations Task (CST), was utilized; preschoolers' ( = 316) self-reported emotional and behavioral responses to hypothetical peer provocation situations on the CST were assessed longitudinally, along with aspects of their self-regulation and emotion knowledge.

Dysregulation in lung immunity - the protective and pathologic Th17 response in infection.

Th17 cytokines can play both protective and pathologic roles in the airways. An emerging theme in Th17 cytokine biology is that these responses can mediate tissue pathology when downstream effector cells are dysfunctional, such as neutrophils lacking functional NADPH oxidase in the case of chronic granulomatous disease, or epithelial cells lacking appropriate ion transport as in the case of cystic fibrosis. In this Mini-Review we highlight recent advances in the protective and pathologic roles of Th17 cytokines in the context of infection at the pulmonary barrier.

Social and emotional information processing in preschoolers: Indicator of early school success?

To better connect emotional development and social cognition literatures, the intersection of preschoolers' emotion and behaviour response choices to hypothetical peer conflicts was examined among 305 4 ½-year-olds in private childcare and Head Start. Latent class analyses identified five subgroups of children with connections between their emotion and behaviour response choices (). Subgroup membership differed across gender and economic risk status, and was also a predictor of early school success (i.

Preschoolers' social information processing and early school success: the challenging situations task.

As part of a larger longitudinal project on the assessment of preschoolers' social-emotional development, children's social information processing (SIP) responses to unambiguous hypothetical situations of peer provocation were assessed for 298 four-year-olds from Head Start and private childcare settings. Measurement focused on emotions children would feel during these situations, and their behaviour response decisions. Participants most often chose sad and angry emotions, and socially competent and passive behaviours.

Social-Emotional Learning Profiles of Preschoolers' Early School Success: A Person-Centered Approach.

Examined how aspects of social-emotional learning (SEL)-specifically, emotion knowledge, emotional and social behaviors, social problem-solving, and self-regulation-clustered to typify groups of children who differ in terms of their motivation to learn, participation in the classroom, and other indices of early school adjustment and academic success. 275 four-year-old children from private day schools and Head Start were directly assessed and observed in these areas, and preschool and kindergarten teachers provided information on social and academic aspects of their school success. Three groups of children were identified: SEL Risk, SEL Competent-Social/Expressive, and SEL Competent-Restrained.

Preschoolers' emotion knowledge: self-regulatory foundations, and predictions of early school success.

Preschoolers (N=322 in preschool, 100 in kindergarten) were assessed longitudinally to examine the self-regulatory roots of emotion knowledge (labelling and situation) and the contributions of emotion knowledge to early school adjustment (i.e., including social, motivational, and behavioural indices), as well as moderation by age, gender, and risk.

Compliance of child care centers in Pennsylvania with national health and safety performance standards for emergency and disaster preparedness.

Objectives: To determine the preparedness of child care centers in Pennsylvania to respond to emergencies and disasters based on compliance with National Health and Safety Performance Standards for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs.

Methods: A questionnaire focusing on the presence of a written evacuation plan, the presence of a written plan for urgent medical care, the immediate availability of equipment and supplies, and the training of staff in first aid/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as delineated in Caring for Our Children: National Health and Safety Performance Standards for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs, 2nd Edition, was mailed to 1000 randomly selected child care center administrators located in Pennsylvania.

Results: Of the 1000 questionnaires sent, 496 questionnaires were available for analysis (54% usable response rate).

Young children's video/computer game use: relations with school performance and behavior.

This study examined the amount and content of children's video game playing in relation with behavioral and academic outcomes. Relationships among playing context, child gender, and parental monitoring were explored. Data were obtained through parent report of child's game play, behavior, and school performance.

The role of computation in modeling evolution.

Artificial life uses computers and formal systems to model and explore the dynamics of evolution. A fundamental question for A-Life concerns the role of computation in these models, and how we are to interpret computer implementations that do not have actual contact with physical systems. In this paper I will discuss how models are seen to explain and predict in philosophy of science and how these ideas apply to A-Life.

Intrastriatal dialysis evidence for a direct inhibitory effect of benztropine on dopamine re-uptake.

A direct inhibitory effect of benztropine on dopamine (DA) reuptake in the striatum was established by in vivo microdialysis of anesthetized rats. Benztropine was infused by means of a microdialysis probe positioned stereotaxically in the striatum. Extracellular DA collected from dialysate was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using an electrochemical detector.

Determination of succinylcholine hydrolytic enzyme activity in human plasma.

Succinylcholine is frequently employed in surgical procedures as a pre-anaesthetic. However, the lack of existing metabolic activity for this compound in some individuals entails a substantial risk. Normally, the risk is assessed indirectly through the measurement of pseudocholinesterase activity using other substrates, such as acetylcholine, rather than the agent itself.

Supersensitivity to electrical stimulation for assessing physical dependence on opioids in isolated tissues.

The use of the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) to quantify opiate tolerance and physical dependence in the same preparation was examined. In the GPI, tolerance to and physical dependence on various opiates were induced by direct incubation with an agonist and tolerance and abstinence were assessed after its rapid removal by extensive washing. Dependence, as evidenced by an increase in twitch height and after removal of the agonist as compared to that before incubation, provided an index of the degree of physical dependence.