In Humans, Insulo-striate Structural Connectivity is Largely Biased Toward Either Striosome-like or Matrix-like Striatal Compartments.

The insula is an integral component of sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, and insular dysfunction is associated with numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders. Insular efferents project widely, but insulo-striate projections are especially numerous. The targets of these insulo-striate projections are organized into tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix.

Procedural learning is associated with microstructure of basal ganglia-cerebellar circuitry in children.

In adults, individual differences in procedural learning (PL) are associated with white matter organization within the basal ganglia-cerebellar circuit. However, no research has examined whether this circuitry is related to individual differences in PL during childhood. Here, 28 children (M = 10.

Analysis of striatal connectivity corresponding to striosomes and matrix in de novo Parkinson's disease and isolated REM behavior disorder.

Striosomes and matrix are two compartments that comprise the striatum, each having its own distinct immunohistochemical properties, function, and connectivity. It is currently not clear whether prodromal or early manifest Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with any striatal matrix or striosomal abnormality. Recently, a method of striatal parcellation using probabilistic tractography has been described and validated, using the distinct connectivity of these two compartments to identify voxels with striosome- and matrix-like connectivity.

White matter organisation of sensorimotor tracts is associated with motor imagery in childhood.

Despite the important role of motor imagery (MI) in motor development, our understanding of the contribution of white matter fibre properties to MI performance in childhood remains limited. To provide novel insight into the white matter correlates of MI performance, this study examined the association between white matter fibre properties and motor imagery performance in a sample of typically developing children. High angular diffusion weighted imaging data were collected from 22 typically developing children aged 6-14 years (12 female, M= 10.

A summary of the 2023 Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) hypertension in pregnancy guideline.

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 10% of all pregnancies annually and are associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This guideline represents an update of the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2014 and has been approved by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) under section 14A of the National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992. In approving the guideline recommendations, NHMRC considers that the guideline meets NHMRC's standard for clinical practice guidelines.

In humans, insulo-striate structural connectivity is largely biased toward either striosome-like or matrix-like striatal compartments.

The insula is an integral component of sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, and insular dysfunction is associated with numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders. Insular afferents project widely, but insulo-striate projections are especially numerous. The targets of these insulo-striate projections are organized into tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix.

Emerging Subspecialties: Pediatric Movement Disorders Neurology.

Pediatric movement disorders (PMD) neurologists care for infants, children, and adolescents with conditions that disrupt typical movement; serving as important subspecialist child neurologists in both academic and private practice settings. In contrast to adult movement disorders neurologists whose "bread and butter" is hypokinetic Parkinson disease, PMD subspecialty practice is often dominated by hyperkinetic movement disorders including tics, dystonia, chorea, tremor, and myoclonus. PMD neurology practice intersects with a variety of subspecialties, including neonatology, developmental pediatrics, rehabilitation medicine, epilepsy, child & adolescent psychiatry, psychology, orthopedics, genetics & metabolism, and neurosurgery.

Performance of artificial intelligence in 7533 consecutive prevalent screening mammograms from the BreastScreen Australia program.

Objectives: To assess the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in the Australian mammography screening program which routinely uses two independent readers with arbitration of discordant results.

Methods: A total of 7533 prevalent round mammograms from 2017 were available for analysis. The AI program classified mammograms into deciles on the basis of breast cancer (BC) risk.

Expanding Knowledge of the Causes of Childhood Chorea.

Paolo Claudio M. de Gusmao, Jeff L. Waugh Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 25, April 2018, Pages 42-53 Chorea is a symptom of a broad array of genetic, structural, and metabolic disorders.

A Case Series of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Patients in a Pediatric Functional Neurologic Disorder Clinic.

Youth who identify as transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) are at increased risk of anxiety, depression, bullying, and loss of social and family support. These factors may increase the risk of developing functional neurologic disorder (FND). If the risk of FND is increased in TGNC youth, then identifying which youth are at increased risk, and the particular times when risk is increased, may allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment of FND.

Trans-fissure and trans-lobar coil insertion technique for small lesions positioned inside the fissure.

The objective of this study is to present a technique of localization of difficult-to-locate lesions inside the fissure by deploying a coil with one of its ends left inside the fissure, and also, to evaluate the safety and the efficiency of this localization technique. Ten (10) patients with lesions in the fissure were identified during discussion at the multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT) and were recruited in the study. Attending surgeons verified that the lesions were unable to be located with minimally invasive approaches.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - Diagnosis and management: A consensus statement of the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ): Executive summary.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy liver disease, characterised by pruritus and increased total serum bile acids (TSBA), Australian incidence 0.6-0.7%.

A Network Imaging Biomarker of X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize a metabolic brain network associated with X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP).

Methods: Thirty right-handed Filipino men with XDP (age = 44.4 ± 8.

Cachexia, chorea, and pain in chronic nonbacterial osteitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a case report.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is an inflammatory disorder that primarily impacts the gastrointestinal tract, leading to malnutrition and chronic microscopic intestinal blood loss. Uncontrolled systemic inflammation can impact other parts of the body, known as extraintestinal manifestations. Up to 25% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are reported to have these complications in their skin, joints, bones, eyes, liver, lung, and pancreas (Rogler et al.

Effect of Early High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Standard Oxygen Therapy on Length of Hospital Stay in Hospitalized Children With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The PARIS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Nasal high-flow oxygen therapy in infants with bronchiolitis and hypoxia has been shown to reduce the requirement to escalate care. The efficacy of high-flow oxygen therapy in children aged 1 to 4 years with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure without bronchiolitis is unknown.

Objective: To determine the effect of early high-flow oxygen therapy vs standard oxygen therapy in children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

A Pilot Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of a Novel Device in Subjects With Axillary Hyperhidrosis.

Background: One-third of U.S. adults are bothered by excessive sweating and 5% suffer from hyperhidrosis, both of which negatively affect quality-of-life (QoL).

Cost-Effectiveness of Care Coordination for Children With Chronic Noncomplex Medical Conditions: Results From a Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness of care coordination, compared with standard care, for children with chronic noncomplex medical conditions.

Methods: A total of 81 children aged between 2 and 15 years newly diagnosed with a noncomplex chronic condition were randomized to either care coordination or standard care as part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Families receiving care coordination were provided access to an Allied Health Liaison Officer, who facilitated family-centered healthcare access across hospital, education, primary care, and community sectors.