Free Composite Serratus Anterior-Latissimus-Rib Flaps for Acute One-Stage Reconstruction of Gustilo IIIB Tibia Fractures.

Gustilo IIIB injuries of the tibia with segmental bone loss continue to be a difficult reconstructive problem. The serratus anterior-latissimus-rib (SALR) composite flap consists of bone and muscle; this flap can provide soft tissue coverage and vascularized bone in a single surgical procedure. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of the SALR flap for the treatment of a large open tibia fracture with segmental bone loss, with a specific focus on postoperative complications, limb salvage, and time to union.

'It's because I like things… it's a status and he buys me airtime': exploring the role of transactional sex in young women's consumption patterns in rural South Africa (secondary findings from HPTN 068).

Background: 'Transactional sex', defined as a non-marital, non-commercial sexual relationship in which money or material goods are exchanged for sex, is associated with young women's increased vulnerability to HIV infection. Existing research illustrates that the motivations for transactional sex are complex. The fulfilment of psycho-social needs such as the need to belong to a peer group are important factors underlying young women's desires to obtain certain consumption items and thus engage in transactional sex.

The effect of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on laryngeal vestibule closure timing in swallowing.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the timing of laryngeal vestibule closure during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing in healthy adults. The theoretical framework proposed that NMES applied to these muscles would present a perturbation to laryngeal vestibular closure reaction time (the amount of time for the laryngeal vestibule to close once the swallowing reflex has been triggered) by providing an antagonistic force to the direction of vestibule closure.

Methods: Nine healthy adults (2 males, 7 females) received ten consecutive stimulations applied to the submandibular hyolaryngeal muscles while performing dry swallows.

Examining diffusion to understand the how of SASA!, a violence against women and HIV prevention intervention in Uganda.

Background: A growing number of complex public health interventions combine mass media with community-based "change agents" and/or mobilisation efforts acting at multiple levels. While impact evaluations are important, there is a paucity of research into the more nuanced roles intervention and social network factors may play in achieving intervention outcomes, making it difficult to understand how different aspects of the intervention worked (or did not). This study applied aspects of diffusion of innovations theory to explore how SASA!, a community mobilisation approach for preventing HIV and violence against women, diffused within intervention communities and the factors that influenced the uptake of new ideas and behaviours around intimate partner relationships and violence.

Corrigenda: Residual enhancing disease after surgery for glioblastoma: evaluation of practice in the United Kingdom.

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Residual enhancing disease after surgery for glioblastoma: evaluation of practice in the United Kingdom.

Background: A growing body of clinical data highlights the prognostic importance of achieving gross total resection (GTR) in patients with glioblastoma. The aim of this study was to determine nationwide practice and attitudes towards achieving GTR and dealing with residual enhancing disease.

Methods: The study was in 2 parts: an electronic questionnaire sent to United Kingdom neuro-oncology surgeons to assess surgical practice followed by a 3-month prospective, multicenter observational study of current neurosurgical oncology practice.

'We have a rich heritage and, we believe, a bright future': how transnational tobacco companies are using Twitter to oppose policy and shape their public identity.

Background: The tobacco industry has a long history of opposing tobacco control policy and promoting socially responsible business practices. With the rise of social media platforms, like Twitter, the tobacco industry is enabled to readily and easily communicate these messages.

Methods: All tweets published by the primary corporate Twitter accounts of British American Tobacco (BAT), Imperial Brands PLC (Imperial), Philip Morris International (PMI) and Japan Tobacco International (JTI) were downloaded in May 2017 and manually coded under 30 topic categories.

Who perpetrates violence against children? A systematic analysis of age-specific and sex-specific data.

Objective: The epidemiology of violence against children is likely to differ substantially by sex and age of the victim and the perpetrator. Thus far, investment in effective prevention strategies has been hindered by lack of clarity in the burden of childhood violence across these dimensions. We produced the first age-specific and sex-specific prevalence estimates by perpetrator type for physical, sexual and emotional violence against children globally.

Child homicide perpetrators worldwide: a systematic review.

Objective: This study aims to describe child homicide perpetrators and estimate their global and regional proportion to inform prevention strategies to reduce child homicide mortality worldwide.

Design: A systematic review of 9431 studies derived from 18 databases led to the inclusion of 126 studies after double screening. All included studies reported a number or proportion of child homicides perpetrators.

A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact on intimate partner violence of a 10-session participatory gender training curriculum delivered to women taking part in a group-based microfinance loan scheme in Tanzania (MAISHA CRT01): study protocol.

Background: Worldwide, almost one third (30%) of women who have been in a relationship have experienced physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner. Given the considerable negative impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) on women's physical health and well-being, there is an urgent need for rigorous evidence on violence prevention interventions.

Methods: The study, comprising a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) and in-depth qualitative study, will assess the impact on women's past year experience of physical and/or sexual IPV of a participatory gender training curriculum (MAISHA curriculum) delivered to women participating in group-based microfinance in Tanzania.

Spatial clusters of gonorrhoea in England with particular reference to the outcome of partner notification: 2012 and 2013.

Background: This study explored spatial-temporal variation in diagnoses of gonorrhoea to identify and quantify endemic areas and clusters in relation to patient characteristics and outcomes of partner notification (PN) across England, UK.

Methods: Endemic areas and clusters were identified using a two-stage analysis with Kulldorff's scan statistics (SaTScan).

Results: Of 2,571,838 tests, 53,547 diagnoses were gonorrhoea positive (positivity = 2.

Inferomedial Hip Center Decreases Failure Rates in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe II and III Hip Dysplasia.

Background: We sought to evaluate the outcomes of cementless acetabular components used in patients with Crowe II and III dysplasia, and to compare outcomes between cups placed within vs outside of an "anatomic" zone. Our specific aims were to (1) plot hip centers in these patients at our institution to characterize "anatomic" vs "nonanatomic" positions, (2) evaluate the association between hip center and radiographic loosening, (3) determine whether hip center was associated with acetabular component revision, and (4) compare patient-reported outcome scores between groups.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 88 primary cementless total hip arthroplasties at a mean follow-up of 10 years (range 2-26 years).

The Effect of Parkinson Disease Tremor Phenotype on Cepstral Peak Prominence and Transglottal Airflow in Vowels and Speech.

Objectives: The physiological manifestations of Parkinson disease are heterogeneous, as evidenced by disease subtypes. Dysphonia has been well documented as an early and progressively significant impairment associated with the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate how acoustic and aerodynamic measures of vocal function were affected by Parkinson tremor subtype (phenotype) in an effort to better understand the heterogeneity of voice impairment severity in Parkinson disease.

Detection of Crohn Disease in Patients with Spondyloarthropathy: The SpACE Capsule Study.

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is generally reported to be associated with spondylarthropathies (SpA) in 5%-15% of cases. Systematic colonoscopic assessment by protocol demonstrated mucosal inflammation characteristic of Crohn disease (CD) in up to one-third of patients with SpA. Video capsule endoscopy (CE) is a superior diagnostic tool to detect small bowel mucosal disease.

Intraoperative imaging technology to maximise extent of resection for glioma.

Background: Extent of resection is considered to be a prognostic factor in neuro-oncology. Intraoperative imaging technologies are designed to help achieve this goal. It is not clear whether any of these sometimes very expensive tools (or their combination) should be recommended as standard care for people with brain tumours.

Characteristics of a Treatment-seeking Population in a Private Practice Community Voice Clinic: An Epidemiologic Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics of a treatment-seeking population referred to a private practice community voice clinic.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Patient files representing evaluation referrals over a 28-month period were reviewed.

A National Budget Impact Analysis of a Specialised Surveillance Programme for Individuals at Very High Risk of Melanoma in Australia.

Background: Specialised surveillance using total body photography and digital dermoscopy to monitor people at very high risk of developing a second or subsequent melanoma has been reported as cost effective.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the 5-year healthcare budget impact of providing specialised surveillance for people at very high risk of subsequent melanoma from the perspective of the Australian healthcare system.

Methods: A budget impact model was constructed to assess the costs of monitoring and potential savings compared with current routine care based on identification of patients at the time of a melanoma diagnosis.

Communication-related affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions in speakers with spasmodic dysphonia.

Objectives: To investigate the self-perceived affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions associated with communication of speakers with spasmodic dysphonia as a function of employment status.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional investigation.

Methods: 148 Participants with spasmodic dysphonia (SD) completed an adapted version of the Behavior Assessment Battery (BAB-Voice), a multidimensional assessment of self-perceived reactions to communication.

Base resolution maps reveal the importance of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in a human glioblastoma.

Aberrant genetic and epigenetic variations drive malignant transformation and are hallmarks of cancer. Using PCR-free sample preparation we achieved the first in-depth whole genome (hydroxyl)-methylcytosine, single-base-resolution maps from a glioblastoma tumour/margin sample of a patient. Our data provide new insights into how genetic and epigenetic variations are interrelated.

Review of Australian Illiger, Ora Clark and Pic Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species.

The phylogenetic relationships of 26 Australian species of Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Scirtidae) were investigated using adult morphology, particularly male and female genitalia, larval morphology and molecular data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear genes elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1- a) and topoisomerase I (TOP1). Four species of Scirtes and one of Ora from Europe, Southeast Asia and Japan were included. The genus Scirtes is shown to be paraphyletic with respect to the genera Ora and Exochomoscirtes.

Effects of force fields on the conformational and dynamic properties of amyloid β(1-40) dimer explored by replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations.

The conformational space and structural ensembles of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and their oligomers in solution are inherently disordered and proven to be challenging to study. Optimum force field selection for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the biophysical relevance of results are still unknown. We compared the conformational space of the Aβ(1-40) dimers by 300 ns replica exchange MD simulations at physiological temperature (310 K) using: the AMBER-ff99sb-ILDN, AMBER-ff99sb*-ILDN, AMBER-ff99sb-NMR, and CHARMM22* force fields.

Local alkylating chemotherapy applied immediately after 5-ALA guided resection of glioblastoma does not provide additional benefit.

Grade IV glioma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour. Gross total resection with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) guided surgery combined with local chemotherapy (carmustine wafers) is an attractive treatment strategy in these patients. No previous studies have examined the benefit carmustine wafers in a treatment programme of 5-ALA guided resection followed by a temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy protocol.

Root growth in field-grown winter wheat: Some effects of soil conditions, season and genotype.

This work compared root length distributions of different winter wheat genotypes with soil physical measurements, in attempting to explain the relationship between root length density and soil depth. Field experiments were set up to compare the growth of various wheat lines, including near isogenic lines (Rht-B1a Tall NIL and Rht-B1c Dwarf NIL) and wheat lines grown commercially (cv. Battalion, Hystar Hybrid, Istabraq, and Robigus).