Pediatric Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull Base: Update on Management and Treatment.

Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is often difficult for skull base surgeons to address. FD arises due to the abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts, ultimately resulting in immature osseous tissue replacing normal cancellous bone. When the skull base is involved, it can result in cranial nerve compression.

A 15-Year Bibliometric Analysis of Sports Medicine Studies in : A Systematic Review.

Background: Orthopaedic sports medicine is among the most popular subspecialties. Understanding the trends in sports medicine research over time can offer insight into progress and innovation within the field. The purpose of this study was to assess both the quality of the current literature and trends in gender diversity and inclusion by evaluating publishing characteristics of sports medicine studies in The from 2007 to 2021.

Optimizing cesarean delivery in a patient with exstrophy-epispadias via prenatal MRI and surgical planning: A case report.

Due to advancements in medical care and reconstructive surgery, more patients with bladder exstrophy are reaching reproductive age and considering pregnancy. Complications are more common during pregnancy in this patient population, given medical comorbidities and prior surgical intervention. In the case of cesarean delivery, careful planning is necessary to prevent inadvertent injury to the bladder or bowel segments.

Nuclear instance segmentation and tracking for preimplantation mouse embryos.

For investigations into fate specification and morphogenesis in time-lapse images of preimplantation embryos, automated 3D instance segmentation and tracking of nuclei are invaluable. Low signal-to-noise ratio, high voxel anisotropy, high nuclear density, and variable nuclear shapes can limit the performance of segmentation methods, while tracking is complicated by cell divisions, low frame rates, and sample movements. Supervised machine learning approaches can radically improve segmentation accuracy and enable easier tracking, but they often require large amounts of annotated 3D data.

BWC0977, a broad-spectrum antibacterial clinical candidate to treat multidrug resistant infections.

The global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs effective against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. BWC0977, a Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitor (NBTI) selectively inhibits bacterial DNA replication via inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. BWC0977 exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.

Medical advisability of softball youth pitching recommendations on the internet.

Objective: Developing softball pitchers are prone to injury due to the repetitive throwing motion. Many children and parents use the internet as a source of medical advice, but this information may not always be aligned with medical guidelines. The purpose of this study was to assess the medical advisability of injury prevention guidelines for developing softball pitchers on websites using Google as the primary search engine.

Patient Perspectives on Outpatient versus Inpatient Cervical Ripening for Induction of Labor.

Objective:  Our objective was to compare patient perceived control and experience with outpatient versus inpatient cervical ripening.

Study Design:  This is a retrospective mixed-methods analysis of a quality improvement initiative focused on the impact to patients of incorporating outpatient cervical ripening into routine practice. Postpartum inpatients who had elected for outpatient cervical ripening (outpatients) and those who met criteria for outpatient cervical ripening but opted for an inpatient setting (inpatients) were invited to participate in the study.

Medical and Psychiatric Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized for Severe Restrictive Eating Disorders: Analysis of 545 Consecutive Patients with Severe Anorexia Nervosa or Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

Background: People with severe eating and feeding disorders regularly require hospitalization due to complications inherent to their disease, though formal training regarding this care is limited.

Methods: This retrospective study included 545 patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN) or avoidant restrictive food intake disorder hospitalized in a medical stabilization unit between 2018 and 2021. Biometrics were obtained throughout hospitalization.

How to Build and How not to Build an Implicit Measure in Behavior Analysis: A case Study Using the Function Acquisition Speed Test.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the development of a behavior-analytic alternative to the popular implicit association test (IAT), namely, the function acquisition speed test (FAST). The IAT appears, , to indirectly assess participants' learning histories with regard to the categorization of stimuli. However, its origin within cognitive psychology has rendered it replete with mentalism, conceptual ambiguity, statistical arbitrariness, and confounding procedural artifacts.

Atypical antipsychotic use does not impact weight gain for individuals with extreme anorexia nervosa: a retrospective case-control study.

Background: There are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN).

Can we predict the development of acute gastric dilatation in patients with anorexia nervosa?

Background: Acute gastric dilatation can develop in patients with anorexia nervosa who are being refed to achieve weight restoration. If unrecognized, this condition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with acute gastric dilatation usually have abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Myocardial mechanics and cardiac biomarkers in adults with severe anorexia nervosa.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with left ventricular (LV) atrophy and unexplained sudden death. Myocardial mechanics have not been well studied in adults with AN. Whether LV mass or illness duration, markers of AN severity, correlate with abnormal strain imaging is unknown.

Vitamin D and hypophosphatemia in patients with anorexia nervosa and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: a case control study.

Background: Refeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is a common complication of nutritional restoration in malnourished individuals, yet clear risk stratification remains elusive. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may be deficient in vitamin D, an important component of dietary phosphorus absorption in the gut. The relationship between vitamin D and RH in AN and ARFID is unknown.

Vitamin D and Hypophosphatemia in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Case Control Study.

Background: Refeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is a common complication of nutritional restoration in malnourished individuals, yet clear risk stratification remains elusive. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may be deficient in vitamin D, an important component of dietary phosphorus absorption in the gut. The relationship between vitamin D and RH in AN and ARFID is unknown.

Involuntary treatment: A qualitative study from the perspectives of individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Involuntary treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) is sometimes necessary and lifesaving but can be experienced negatively by some individuals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand participants' perceptions about their experience with involuntary treatment for AN.

Method: Thirty adult participants, who had been treated involuntarily for AN in the past, completed self-report measures and qualitative interviews.

Seizures in eating disorders.

Objective: To complete a descriptive study of seizure etiology in a large population of eating disorder (ED) patients and to better understand whether malnutrition itself, in those with EDs, is associated with seizure development.

Method: In this retrospective study, 75 patients with documented seizures met inclusion criteria from a total of 1664 charts.

Results: Prevalence of seizures in this ED cohort was found to be 4.

Fibroblast growth factor-21 is required for weight loss induced by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in male mice fed high carbohydrate diets.

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP-1RA) and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) confer similar metabolic benefits. GLP-1RA induce FGF21, leading us to investigate mechanisms engaged by the GLP-1RA liraglutide to increase FGF21 levels and the metabolic relevance of liraglutide-induced FGF21.

Methods: Circulating FGF21 levels were measured in fasted male C57BL/6J, neuronal GLP-1R knockout, β-cell GLP-1R knockout, and liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha knockout mice treated acutely with liraglutide.

A novel ground truth dataset enables robust 3D nuclear instance segmentation in early mouse embryos.

For investigations into fate specification and cell rearrangements in live images of preimplantation embryos, automated and accurate 3D instance segmentation of nuclei is invaluable; however, the performance of segmentation methods is limited by the images' low signal-to-noise ratio and high voxel anisotropy and the nuclei's dense packing and variable shapes. Supervised machine learning approaches have the potential to radically improve segmentation accuracy but are hampered by a lack of fully annotated 3D data. In this work, we first establish a novel mouse line expressing near-infrared nuclear reporter H2B-miRFP720.

Myxopapillary Ependymoma in an 11-Year-Old Patient With Right-Sided Nocturnal Thigh Pain.

This case report highlights a rare type of primary spinal cord tumor, myxopapillary ependymoma, in a pediatric patient who presented to clinic with worsening chronic unilateral thigh pain and neurologic deficits. He was appropriately treated with total gross resection of the tumor and adjuvant radiotherapy and was cleared for competitive sports without any restriction within 1 year of his diagnosis and treatment. Although most musculoskeletal complaints among pediatric patients are of benign etiology, as evidenced by our case, clinicians should have a low threshold to further investigate with advanced imaging modalities should the clinical history and examination be consistent with a more concerning pathologic process.

Liver Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is Required for the Full Anorectic Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide in Male Mice fed High Carbohydrate Diets.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) confer similar metabolic benefits. Studies report that GLP-1RA induce FGF21. Here, we investigated the mechanisms engaged by the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide to increase FGF21 levels and the metabolic relevance of liraglutide-induced FGF21.

Clinical features of adult patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder presenting for medical stabilization: A descriptive study.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features of adult patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) to better understand the medical findings, psychological comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities in this population.

Method: We completed a retrospective chart review of all adult patients with a diagnosis of ARFID, admitted for medical stabilization, between April 2016 and June 2021, to an inpatient hospital unit, which specializes in severe eating disorders. Information collected included anthropomorphic data, laboratory assessments, and medical history at time of admission.

Assessing the Impact of Weighted Blankets on Anxiety Among Patients With Anorexia Nervosa and Avoidant- Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Interventions to reduce anxiety are needed for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant- restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Weighted blankets are one such intervention.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of weighted blankets on anxiety for patients with AN and ARFID.

Development of a Machine Learning Model for Sonographic Assessment of Gestational Age.

Importance: Fetal ultrasonography is essential for confirmation of gestational age (GA), and accurate GA assessment is important for providing appropriate care throughout pregnancy and for identifying complications, including fetal growth disorders. Derivation of GA from manual fetal biometry measurements (ie, head, abdomen, and femur) is operator dependent and time-consuming.

Objective: To develop artificial intelligence (AI) models to estimate GA with higher accuracy and reliability, leveraging standard biometry images and fly-to ultrasonography videos.