Sensory processing sensitivity is negatively associated with sensation seeking.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and sensation seeking.

Participants And Procedure: The sample consisted of 625 subjects ( women = 225, men = 400). Sensory processing sensitivity was assessed using the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), and sensation seeking with the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS).

Put your feet up: The impact of personality traits, job pressure, and social support on the need for recovery after work.

Unlabelled: The need for recovery after work (NFR) is an important warning of work-related fatigue. NFR is linked to prolonged work-related efforts and depletion of resources, creating a need for temporary respite from work demands. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationships between NFR and the five-factor model (FFM), comprising the personality traits of emotional stability (ES), extraversion (E), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), and openness to experience (O).

Snus and Alcohol: Mutually Rewarding Effects in the Brain? A Matched Controlled Population Study.

Background: The use of moist smokeless tobacco (snus) is increasing in the U.S. and other Western countries, and especially among young people.

Musicians: Larks, Owls or Hummingbirds?

Previous studies have shown an association between morning and evening types and creative thinking. Musicians are creative individuals and the purpose of the current research was to examine whether musicians are significantly more evening types than non-musicians. The total sample included 835 participants (n women = 353; n men = 482), with a mean age of 28.

The association between executive functioning and parental stress and psychological distress is mediated by parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder.

Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) have been found to exhibit heightened experience of stress and deficits in executive functioning (EF) and in parental reflective functioning (PRF). Although experiences of stress, EF and PRF are important for caregiving capacities; no studies have explored associations between the phenomena in mothers with SUD. This study aimed to examine the association between EF (working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility) and different forms of stress (parental stress, general life stress, and psychological distress) in 43 mothers with SUD with infants.

Adverse and adaptive childhood experiences are associated with parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder.

Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) are at risk for maladaptive parenting practices, and have heightened likelihood of having experienced childhood adversity themselves. In addition, parental reflective functioning (PRF), a capacity underlying sensitive caregiving, is often low in mothers with SUD. This study examines the relationship between PRF and aversive (emotional, physical, sexual abuse and neglect) and adaptive (safety and competence) experiences, in different developmental phases (early childhood, latency, and adolescence) in mothers with a SUD.

Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder.

Having a substance use disorder (SUD) may adversely affect caregiving capacities. Reflective functioning (RF) and executive functioning (EF) are both important capacities for sensitive parenting, and are often impaired in a SUD. Only a few studies have explored the possible association between the two phenomena.

Evolutionary adaptations: theoretical and practical implications for visual ergonomics.

Background: The literature discussing visual ergonomics often mention that human vision is adapted to light emitted by the sun. However, theoretical and practical implications of this viewpoint is seldom discussed or taken into account.

Objective: The paper discusses some of the main theoretical implications of an evolutionary approach to visual ergonomics.

Differences on adolescent life goal profile scale between a clinical and non-clinical adolescent sample.

Objective: This study aimed to determine similarities and differences on perceived importance and perceived attainability of life goals between a clinical and non-clinical adolescent sample.

Method: 244 students and 54 adolescent patients completed the Adolescent Life Goal Profile Scale (ALGPS). The ALGPS measures perceived importance and perceived attainability of four main life goal categories: Relations, Generativity, Religion, and Achievements.

The tinnitus intensive therapy habituation program: a 2-year follow-up pilot study on subjective tinnitus.

Objectives: To explore the effects of a new tinnitus treatment program (tinnitus intensive therapy [TIT]) based on auditory perception principles and neural habituation.

Methods: A follow-up study with measurement of treatment effects every third month over a 2-year period in which the cases were their own controls.

Participants: There were 25 participants with a mean age 50.

Teenage alcohol and intoxication debut: the impact of family socialization factors, living area and participation in organized sports.

The aim of the present study was to examine the age distribution of alcohol and intoxication debut and factors associated with this among a representative sample of Norwegian teenagers. A sample of 3368 teenagers aged 12-18 years was recruited from 34 Norwegian secondary schools to complete an 87-item questionnaire under examination conditions; 5.2% (168/3239) reported drinking alcohol for the first time when 10 years or younger, 25.

Effects of moderate doses of alcohol on immediate recall of numbers: some implications for information technology.

Objective: Moderate doses of alcohol will have detrimental effects on memory functions used in various aspects of human interaction with information technology. The need to deal with multidigit numbers while under alcohol intoxication (e.g.

Psychological profiles in patients with medically refractory epilepsy.

The aim of this study was to explore whether patients with epilepsy show characteristic psychological profiles which might be risk factors for epileptic seizures. The instruments used in the case-control study were the Millon Behavioural Health Inventory (MBHI) and the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS). A sample of hospitalized patients with medically refractory epilepsy (n = 15) and a sample of healthy controls (n = 15) matched on age and gender.

Spatial-frequency discrimination, brain lateralisation, and acute intake of alcohol.

The effect of alcohol (breath-alcohol level of 0.1%) on perceptual discrimination of low (1.5 cycles deg-1) and high (8 cycles deg-1) spatial frequencies in the left and right visual field was measured in eighteen right-handed males, in a double-blind, balanced placebo design.

The effects of alcohol on eye movements during reading.

In an experimental double-blind placebo study of 18 subjects (mean age 26.2 years), we investigated the effect of three blood alcohol concentrations (0.0%, 0.

Negative affectivity influences report of work-related symptoms.

A number of studies have documented that negative affectivity (NA) exerts a considerable influence upon perceptual style and report of symptoms. In three studies (N = 24, N = 30, N = 43), the current paper investigated the influence of NA upon the report of work-related symptoms. For all three studies, we found a firm association between NA and visual and muscular-skeletal symptoms.

Coping styles in abstainers from alcohol.

The present study investigates the Millon Behavior Health Inventory basic coping styles, mental absorption (Tellegen Absorption Scale), sensation seeking (Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking, AISS) and affect inhibition (Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, MC-SDS), in a group of abstainers from alcohol (n = 55) compared to an age-equivalent group of moderate drinkers (n = 176). The abstainers had significantly higher scores on one of the repressive coping styles (respectful) and significantly lower scores on sociability. There were no differences on the other basic coping styles.

Visual functions and acute ingestion of alcohol.

In a placebo-controlled experiment comprising 22 healthy men (mean age 27.4 years), we investigated the influence of three breath levels of blood alcohol (BrAC; 0.0%, 0.

Sports, physical exercise and use of alcohol.

In a general population study comprising 994 women and 1,000 men (aged > or = 15 years), we investigated differences in consumed amounts of alcohol related to participation in sports and physical exercise. Compared with the controls, women engaged in sports drank significantly more beer and had higher total consumption of alcohol. The differences in consumption disappeared when controlled for age and education.

Reinvention of visual fatigue: accumulation of scientific knowledge or neglect of scientific history?

The development of science is believed to be a continuous accumulation of knowledge, giving rise to the somewhat false idea that the most recent knowledge is the most valid and most appropriate. Neglect of the history of a scientific discipline might therefore lead to reinvention of theories that have already been proposed and experimentally investigated. In the case of visual fatigue the pioneering works of Lucien Howe, Walter Lancaster and others at the beginning of this century are very similar to contemporary work in terms of conceptual definitions, methodological approach, assessment and results.

Negative affectivity and intellectual ability: a study of their relation to self-reported physical symptoms, perceived daily stress and mood, and disciplinary problems in military recruits.

In this study we examined the relationship between cognitive ability and Negative Affectivity (NA) (measured as cognitive and behavioral aspects of anxiety) on the one hand, and somatic complaints, symptom attribution (i.e. subjective evaluation of psychological vs somatic symptom causes), perceived daily stress/mood, and disciplinary problems on the other hand, in a sample of military recruits.

VDT work, oculomotor strain, and subjective complaints: an experimental and clinical study.

Two studies, one experimental and one clinical, are presented. Study I examines the effect of three hours of continuous VDT work (text-editing) on a set of optometric and health-related variables in an experimental design with two matched groups, one experimental (n = 18) and one control group (n = 19). Doing the same keyboard activities for 3 h as the experimental group, the control group was looking out of a window instead of at the display while working (distance viewing).

The influence of long-term visual near-work on accommodation and vergence: a field study.

A study of the influence of sustained, visual near-work upon a set of oculomotor functions (ZCSV i.e. Zone of Clear Single Vision) was carried out on a randomly drawn group (N = 43) of young, female, healthy and experienced accountants (mean age 24.

Are parents of asthmatic children different from other parents? Some follow-up results from the Norwegian PRAD Project.

Follow-up results from the Norwegian PRAD study (Psychosocial Risk for Allergic Development) show that parents of children who later developed symptoms of asthma were different from a control group of parents with normal, nonsymptomatic children several years preceding the disorder. There were significant within-pair differences in self-reported marital adjustment (DAS-Dyadic Adjustment Scale) for the control group but not for the asthma group. There were no significant between-pair DAS scores for the two groups of parents.

Time factors in VDT-induced myopia and visual fatigue: an experimental study.

In an experimental design with two matched groups (n = 13 and n = 17) working 2 and 4 hr respectively, followed by a 15-min restitution time, the study examined the effect of continuous VDT work on 1) visual acuity, refraction and oculomotor functions (ZCSV: zone of clear, single vision) and 2) the effect of 15-min restitution time on the oculomotor functions (ZCSV). In both groups there were a significant reduction in visual acuity, refraction changes in myopic direction and reduced ciliar and vergence muscle capacity. The ZCSV changes were temporary and a 15-min restitution period restored approximately half of the ZCSV changes.