A descriptive analysis of Aboriginal adolescents admitted to a regional inpatient mental health unit: Was culture considered?

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of Aboriginal adolescents admitted to a Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) inpatient unit and assess if cultural identity was acknowledged, and what proportion received cultural support.

Method: A retrospective chart review of adolescents who identified as Aboriginal and were admitted to a regional CAMH Unit over 10 years. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, diagnosis, details of admission, acknowledgement of Aboriginal identity, cultural information and cultural support provided.

Shunting for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) occurs when the brain ventricles expand, causing a triad of gait, cognitive, and urinary impairment. It can occur after a clear brain injury such as trauma, but can also occur without a clear cause (termed idiopathic, or iNPH). Non-randomised studies have shown a benefit from surgically diverting ventricular fluid to an area of lower pressure by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-shunting in iNPH, but historically there have been limited randomised controlled trial (RCT) data to confirm this.

Double-Effect Donation or Bodily Respect? A "Third Way" Response to Camosy and Vukov.

Is it possible to donate unpaired vital organs, foreseeing but not intending one's own death? We argue that this is indeed psychologically possible, and thus far agree with Charles Camosy and Joseph Vukov in their recent paper on "double effect donation." Where we disagree with these authors is that we see double-effect donation not as a morally praiseworthy act akin to martyrdom but as a morally impermissible act that necessarily disrespects human bodily integrity. Respect for bodily integrity goes beyond avoiding the aim to kill: not all side effects of deliberate bodily interventions can be outweighed by intended benefits for another even if the subject fully consents.

Risk factors of persistent adolescent thinness: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

Background: Thinness during adolescence can increase the risk of adverse health outcomes across the life-course and impede development. There is limited research examining the prevalence and determinants of persistent adolescent thinness in the United Kingdom (UK). We used longitudinal cohort data to investigate determinants of persistent adolescent thinness.

Retinal vein occlusion in patients with primary angle closure: a prospective case-control study.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of angle closure in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with control eyes and assess the possible association between angle-closure and RVO.

Patients And Methods: This prospective, blinded case-control study included patients with a history of RVO (cases) and control individuals matched for age and refractive error. Clinical characteristics and angle-based structures derived from anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) were analyzed.

Does Adjunctive Under-flap CXL Reduce Regression for Hyperopic LASIK?

Purpose: To investigate whether adding accelerated under-flap corneal cross-linking to hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK-ufCXL) affects postoperative stability and regression, visual and refractive outcomes, and subjective quality of vision.

Methods: This prospective comparative contralateral eye study included 51 patients with hyperopia (102 eyes) who received LASIK-ufCXL in the eye with highest defocus equivalent (DEQ) or randomized when DEQ equal, with the contralateral control eye receiving LASIK alone. After excimer ablation, 0.

Quality early childhood education through self, workplace, or regulatory support: exploring the efficacy of professional registration for early childhood teachers in Australia.

Teacher registration is increasingly utilised as a governance mechanism to audit teachers' work and drive professional practice. There is limited and mixed empirical evidence, however, as to whether registration drives teaching quality. Our study extends this limited empirical base by critically examining the policy trajectory in Australia to bring early childhood teachers into a uniform system of registration with primary and secondary teachers.

Noradrenergic Add-on Therapy with Extended-Release Guanfacine in Alzheimer's Disease (NorAD): study protocol for a randomised clinical trial and COVID-19 amendments.

Background: Guanfacine is a α2A adrenergic receptor agonist approved for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is thought to act via postsynaptic receptors in the prefrontal cortex, modulating executive functions including the regulation of attention. Attention is affected early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and this may relate to pathological changes within the locus coeruleus, the main source of noradrenergic pathways within the brain.

To Those Who Have, More Will Be Given? Effects of an Instructional Time Reform on Gender Disparities in STEM Subjects, Stress, and Health.

Educational reformers all around the globe are continuously searching for ways to make schools more effective and efficient. In Germany, this movement has led to reforms that reduced overall school time of high track secondary schools from 9 to 8 years, which was compensated for by increasing average instruction time per week in lower secondary school (Grades 5-10). Based on prior research, we assumed that this reform might increase gender disparities in STEM-related outcomes, stress, and health because it required students to learn similar content in less amount of time.

Long-term outcomes of two first-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent) with phacoemulsification in primary open-angle glaucoma: eight-year results.

Background: The short- and medium-term outcomes of iStent have been extensively studied; however, only few studies have investigated its long-term outcomes. Here, we assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of two iStents with concomitant cataract surgery in glaucomatous eyes while also evaluating measures of disease stability using visual field and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve and the macula throughout 8 years of follow-up.

Methods: This longitudinal, single-center consecutive case series included glaucomatous eyes that underwent implantation of two first-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent) with concomitant cataract surgery.

"I don't know if we'll ever live in harmony": a mixed-methods exploration of the unmet needs of Syrian adolescent girls in protracted displacement in Lebanon.

Background: The current crisis in Syria has led to unprecedented displacement, with neighbouring Lebanon now hosting more than 1.5 million conflict-affected migrants from Syria. In many situations of displacement, adolescent girls are a vulnerable sub-group.

Tissue environment, not ontogeny, defines murine intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes.

Tissue-resident intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IEL) patrol the gut and have important roles in regulating intestinal homeostasis. T-IEL include both induced T-IEL, derived from systemic antigen-experienced lymphocytes, and natural T-IEL, which are developmentally targeted to the intestine. While the processes driving T-IEL development have been elucidated, the precise roles of the different subsets and the processes driving activation and regulation of these cells remain unclear.

Prevalence of zonulopathy in primary angle closure disease.

Background: To determine the prevalence of zonulopathy in a large cohort of eyes with primary angle closure disease (PACD) that underwent cataract surgery.

Methods: Retrospective consecutive case series of PACD eyes (including primary angle closure suspect, primary angle closure, and primary angle closure glaucoma) that underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery or clear lens extraction between 2009 and 2020 at a single ophthalmology centre. Those with risk factors for zonulopathy such as history of trauma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, intraocular surgery, retinitis pigmentosa or connective tissue disorders were excluded.

Evaluating cognitive profiles of patients undergoing clinical amyloid-PET imaging.

Episodic memory impairment and brain amyloid-beta are two of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease. In the clinical setting, these are often evaluated through neuropsychological testing and amyloid PET imaging, respectively. The use of amyloid PET in clinical practice is only indicated in patients with substantial diagnostic uncertainty due to atypical clinical presentation, multiple comorbidities and/or early age of onset.

Canadians' attitudes toward corneal donation: informational-motivational videos increase willingness toward corneal donation.

Objective: To assess the knowledge of corneal transplantation, willingness toward corneal donation, and the efficacy of a short informational and motivational video in increasing the willingness toward corneal donation among Canadian adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional interventional study. A survey targeted Canadian adults, assessing their knowledge and attitude toward corneal donation and the efficacy of a 1-minute-long informative and motivational video on increasing willingness toward corneal donation.

A video-feedback parenting intervention to prevent enduring behaviour problems in at-risk children aged 12-36 months: the Healthy Start, Happy Start RCT.

Background: Behaviour problems emerge early in childhood and place children at risk for later psychopathology.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a parenting intervention to prevent enduring behaviour problems in young children.

Design: A pragmatic, assessor-blinded, multisite, two-arm, parallel-group randomised controlled trial.

A Brief Home-Based Parenting Intervention to Reduce Behavior Problems in Young Children: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Behavior problems are one of the most common mental health disorders in childhood and can undermine children's health, education, and employment outcomes into adulthood. There are few effective interventions for early childhood.

Objective: To test the clinical effectiveness of a brief parenting intervention, the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD), in reducing behavior problems in children aged 12 to 36 months.

Three-Year Outcomes of Second-generation Trabecular Micro-bypass Stents (iStent inject) With Phacoemulsification in Various Glaucoma Subtypes and Severities.

Precis: This longitudinal case series provides valuable long-term data on the safety and efficacy of iStent inject with concomitant cataract surgery. Patients experienced significant and durable reductions in both intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication burden through 3 years postoperative.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the 3-year effectiveness and safety of iStent inject second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation with concomitant phacoemulsification cataract surgery in eyes with various glaucoma subtypes and severities.

Observational study of the association between diverse licensed premises types and alcohol-related violence in an inner-London borough.

Background: An ecological correlation has been observed between licensed premises and alcohol-related violence (ARV). In the UK to date, no evidence directly connects alcohol-related harm to a single premises type. Recent policies have called for a diversified alcohol offer, yet quantitative evidence in support remains sparse.

Reflection on modern methods: Statistics education beyond 'significance': novel plain English interpretations to deepen understanding of statistics and to steer away from misinterpretations.

Concerns have been expressed over standards of statistical interpretation. Results with P <0.05 are often referred to as 'significant' which, in plain English, implies important.

Targeting the Fetal Body and/or Mother-Child Connection: Vital Conflicts and Abortion.

Unlabelled: Is the "act itself" of separating a pregnant woman and her previable child neither good nor bad morally, considered in the abstract? Recently, Maureen Condic and Donna Harrison have argued that such separation is justified to protect the mother's life and that it does not constitute an abortion as the aim is not to kill the child. In our article on maternal-fetal conflicts, we agree there need be no such aim to kill (supplementing aims such as to remove). However, we argue that to understand "abortion" as performed only where the death of the child is intended is to define the term too narrowly.

Growth Hormone Effects on Bone Loss-Induced by Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and/or Hind Limb Unloading.

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency and loss of physical activity are common features in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients that may contribute to bone loss. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that GH treatment will rescue the hind limb unloading (UL)-induced skeletal deficit in TBI mice. Mild TBI was induced once per day for four consecutive days.

Prescribing trends of gabapentin, pregabalin, and oxycodone: a secondary analysis of primary care prescribing patterns in England.

Background: The risk of iatrogenic harm from the use and misuse of prescription drugs such as gabapentin, pregabalin, and oxycodone is substantial. In recent years, deaths associated with these drugs in England have increased.

Aim: To characterise general practice prescribing trends for gabapentin, pregabalin, and oxycodone - termed dependence forming medicines (DFM) - in England and describe potential drivers of unwarranted variation (that is, very high prescribing).

An observational study to examine how cumulative impact zones influence alcohol availability from different types of licensed outlets in an inner London Borough.

Objectives: Cumulative impact zones (CIZs) are a widely implemented local policy intended to restrict alcohol availability in areas proliferated with licensed outlets. Limited previous research has questioned their effectiveness and suggested they may play a more nuanced role in shaping local alcohol environments. This study evaluates the association between CIZ implementation and the number of licence applications made, and the number issued, relative to a control region.