United States Pooled Cohort Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: There is significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop risk scores for total CVD and its components from a contemporary pooled, observational cohort of U.S.

High-throughput gene expression analysis with TempO-LINC sensitively resolves complex brain, lung and kidney heterogeneity at single-cell resolution.

We report the development and performance of a novel genomics platform, TempO-LINC, for conducting high-throughput transcriptomic analysis on single cells and nuclei. TempO-LINC works by adding cell-identifying molecular barcodes onto highly selective and high-sensitivity gene expression probes within fixed cells, without having to first generate cDNA. Using an instrument-free combinatorial indexing approach, all probes within the same fixed cell receive an identical barcode, enabling the reconstruction of single-cell gene expression profiles across as few as several hundred cells and up to 100,000 + cells per sample.

Head Circumference Versus Length and Weight Deficits up to 2 Years of Age in Bangladesh.

Infant undernutrition, defined by length- and weight-based indices, is common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but corresponding deficits in head size have received less attention. In a cohort of term newborns in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we compared the severity of deficits (vs. World Health Organization Growth Standards) in head circumference (HC), length and weight at birth and every 3 months until 2 years of age (n range across timepoints: 843-920).

Whole genome sequencing of three native chicken varieties (Common Deshi, Hilly and Naked Neck) of Bangladesh.

Bangladeshi indigenous chicken varieties - Common Deshi, Hilly and Naked Neck are notable for their egg production, meat quality, extraordinary survivability and disease resistance. However, the potential to harness their unique genetic merits are being eroded by various factors, including crossbreeding. In-depth genomic studies have not been carried out on these breeds so far.

Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine dependence: a case report involving daily methamphetamine use.

Methamphetamine (MA) dependence leads to severe physical and psychological issues. Current treatments, including psychosocial therapies and residential rehabilitation, face limitations such as high relapse rates, cost, and accessibility issues. As a result, there is an urgent need for novel approaches to treat MA dependence that are effective, affordable, and accessible to patients.

Informatics innovation to provide return of value to participant communities in the All of Us Research Program.

Objectives: The All of Us Research Program harnesses advances in technology, science, and engagement for precision medicine research. We describe informatics innovations which support that goal and return value to the participant cohort and community.

Materials And Methods: Research data from the All of Us Research Program are available to authorized users on the All of Us Researcher Workbench.

Interpreting Context in Rural and Remote Aged Care Facilities in Readiness for a New Care Model: A Mixed Method Study.

Background: Geographical isolation compounds limited access to healthcare services and skilled workforce for the provision of rural aged care. Residents have complex chronic disease management and end-of-life care needs. An undersupply of general medical practitioners due to retirement, attrition or unfilled training places in Australia has impacted recruitment to rural areas.

Height-Age as An Alternative to Height-For-Age z-Scores to Assess the Effect of Interventions on Child Linear Growth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Assessments of the efficacy of interventions to improve child growth are often based on differences in mean height-for-age -scores (HAZ) and stunting (HAZ<-2) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, this approach does not account for children's starting skeletal age and does not enable assessment of the extent to which interventions optimized linear growth.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop and apply a new method using height-age to express linear growth effects in RCTs.

"Rest of the folks are tired and weary": The impact of historical lynchings on biological and cognitive health for older adults racialized as Black.

Childhood structural racism may lead to poorer health and longevity for individuals racialized as Black. Racism-related stress cumulatively taxes the body resulting in worsening biological and cognitive health. This study examines the association between state-level exposure to historical lynchings (adverse childhood racism for modern older adults), with C-reactive protein (CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation), and global cognitive performance (modified TICS).

Cross-sectional, interventional, and causal investigation of insulin sensitivity using plasma proteomics in diverse populations.

Background: We previously reported significant correlations between a direct measure of insulin sensitivity (IS) and blood levels of proteins measured using the Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) in two European cohorts. However, protein correlations with IS within non-European populations, in response to short-term interventions that improve IS, and any causal associations with IS have not yet been established.

Methods: We measured 1,470 proteins using the PEA in the plasma of 1,015 research participants at Stanford University who underwent one or more direct measures of IS.

School Social Workers' Reports of Differences in Policies and Practices in Trauma-Informed and Non-Trauma-Informed Schools.

This study explored trauma-informed schools from the perspective of social workers, documenting the reported practices and policies associated with trauma-informed approaches in U.S. schools.

Research for all: building a diverse researcher community for the All of Us Research Program.

Objectives: The NIH All of Us Research Program (All of Us) is engaging a diverse community of more than 10 000 registered researchers using a robust engagement ecosystem model. We describe strategies used to build an ecosystem that attracts and supports a diverse and inclusive researcher community to use the All of Us dataset and provide metrics on All of Us researcher usage growth.

Materials And Methods: Researcher audiences and diversity categories were defined to guide a strategy.

HIV Social-network intervention more effective in older populations in Kenya.

US President's Emergency Plan for HIV/AIDS has been credited with saving 25 million lives in sub-Sahara Africa and, as such, constitutes a preeminent US foreign policy achievement of the twenty-first century. However, the implementation of effective HIV/AIDS pharmacological interventions remains a challenge in rural Kenyan communities. Of particular importance are patient retention and care engagement and their interaction with age disparities that are sensitive to different socioeconomic contexts, as well as time-in-treatment.

Dimensions of childhood adversity differentially affect autonomic nervous system coordination in response to stress.

It is well-established that disrupted autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity exacerbates risk for long-term maladjustment following childhood adversity (CA). However, few studies have integrated measures of both the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) branches of the ANS, resulting in a unidimensional understanding of ANS functioning as a mechanism of risk. Further, past work has primarily measured CA only at the aggregate level (e.

The adaptation of a single institution diabetes care platform into a nationally available turnkey solution.

Digital decision support and remote patient monitoring may improve outcomes and efficiency, but rarely scale beyond a single institution. Over the last 5 years, the platform Timely Interventions for Diabetes Excellence (TIDE) has been associated with reduced care provider screen time and improved, equitable type 1 diabetes care and outcomes for 268 patients in a heterogeneous population as part of the Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control (4T) Study (NCT03968055, NCT04336969). Previous efforts to deploy TIDE at other institutions continue to face delays.

Associations Between Immunological Biomarkers, Voice Use Patterns, and Phonotraumatic Vocal Fold Lesions: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: This review aims to explore potential associations between immunological biomarkers and phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions.

Study Design: Scoping review.

Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Proquest Theses and Dissertations, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using the terms "vocal fold" and "inflammatory marker" initially, and later "development" and "phonotraumatic lesion.

Associations of pulmonary microvascular blood volume with per cent emphysema and CT emphysema subtypes in the community: the MESA Lung study.

Background: Pulmonary microvasculature alterations are implicated in emphysema pathogenesis, but the association between pulmonary microvascular blood volume (PMBV) and emphysema has not been directly assessed at scale, and prior studies have used non-specific measures of emphysema.

Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Lung Study invited participants recruited from the community without renal impairment to undergo contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT. Pulmonary blood volume was calculated by material decomposition; PMBV was defined as blood volume in the peripheral 2 cm of the lung.

Nurse-led framework to improve the safety and quality of residential aged care (HIRAID® Aged Care): protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: The health issues experienced by older people can often be severe and complex, and an increasing number are using residential aged care services to meet their care needs. High-quality nursing care is fundamental to the health and safety of aged care residents and is contingent on nurses' accurate assessment, informed decision-making, and delivery of timely interventions. However, the role of the aged care nurse is often challenging, impeded by factors such as understaffing, high workloads, and a lack of access to clinical infrastructure and resources.

Evaluation of the Interdisciplinary Care Home-bAsed Reablement Program (I-CHARP) for People Living With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Care Homes.

Background: Major knowledge and practice gaps exist in aged care home services to support independence of older people with dementia. This research evaluates an adaptation of a community-based rehabilitation model for care homes, namely Interdisciplinary Care Home-bAsed Reablement Program (I-CHARP), by examining whether (and, if so, how) I-CHARP produces its intended effects and how this programme can be practicably implemented, sustained and scaled up across care homes in Australia.

Methods: I-CHARP is a 4-month bio-behavioural-environmental rehabilitation model of care, integrated in care home services, supported through the deployment of an implementation strategy, the Research Enabled Aged Care Homes (REACH) network.

Building an Ethical and Trustworthy Biomedical AI Ecosystem for the Translational and Clinical Integration of Foundation Models.

Foundation Models (FMs) are gaining increasing attention in the biomedical artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem due to their ability to represent and contextualize multimodal biomedical data. These capabilities make FMs a valuable tool for a variety of tasks, including biomedical reasoning, hypothesis generation, and interpreting complex imaging data. In this review paper, we address the unique challenges associated with establishing an ethical and trustworthy biomedical AI ecosystem, with a particular focus on the development of FMs and their downstream applications.