Voluntary uptake and continuation of treatment among court-involved youth: Lessons learned from the implementation of Functional Family Therapy in a community setting.

Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is generally recognized as an effective intervention for court-involved youth. Relatively few studies, however, have focused on the delivery of FFT among youth offenders, especially among older minority youth located at the "deep end" of the juvenile justice system. This research adds to this sparse literature by focusing on the voluntary uptake and continuation of FFT among such youth ( = 60) in Lucas County, Ohio.

A comparison of two national frailty scoring systems.

Background: The electronic Frailty Index (eFI) has been developed in primary care settings. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) was derived using secondary care data.

Objective: Compare the two different tools for identifying frailty in older people admitted to hospital.

Simultaneous Living Donor Kidney Transplant and Laparoscopic Native Nephrectomy: An Approach to Kidney Transplant Candidates with Suspected Renal-Cell Carcinoma.

Kidney transplant candidates are occasionally found during the pre-transplant evaluation to have a suspicious mass in a native kidney. Further work-up and management of such a mass may delay transplantation for several months, which may create logistic barriers to transplant, particularly if there are timing constraints of the donor. In this study, we report our experience with simultaneous living donor kidney transplant and laparoscopic native nephrectomy, where the indication for nephrectomy was a suspicious lesion.

Paternal low protein diet and the supplementation of methyl-donors impact fetal growth and placental development in mice.

Introduction: Paternal low-protein diet can alter sperm methylation status, fetal growth and program offspring ill-health, however its impact on the placenta remains poorly defined. Here we examine the influence paternal low-protein diet has on fetal and placental development and the additional impact of supplementary methyl-donors on fetoplacental physiology.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein), a low-protein diet (LPD; 9% protein) or LPD with methyl-donor supplementation (MD-LPD; choline chloride, betaine, methionine, folic acid, vitamin B12) for a minimum of 8 weeks.

Initial impact of COVID-19's stay-at-home order on motor vehicle traffic and crash patterns in Connecticut: an interrupted time series analysis.

Introduction: Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our health and safety is imperative. This study sought to examine the impact of COVID-19's stay-at-home order on daily vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and MVCs in Connecticut.

Methods: Using an interrupted time series design, we analysed daily VMT and MVCs stratified by crash severity and number of vehicles involved from 1 January to 30 April 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.

Computational design of mixed chirality peptide macrocycles with internal symmetry.

Cyclic symmetry is frequent in protein and peptide homo-oligomers, but extremely rare within a single chain, as it is not compatible with free N- and C-termini. Here we describe the computational design of mixed-chirality peptide macrocycles with rigid structures that feature internal cyclic symmetries or improper rotational symmetries inaccessible to natural proteins. Crystal structures of three C2- and C3-symmetric macrocycles, and of six diverse S2-symmetric macrocycles, match the computationally-designed models with backbone heavy-atom RMSD values of 1 Å or better.

Defining the male contribution to embryo quality and offspring health in assisted reproduction in farm animals.

Assisted reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination have delivered significant benefits for farm animal reproduction. However, as with humans, assisted reproduction in livestock requires the manipulation of the gametes and preimplantation embryo. The significance of this 'periconception' period is that it represents the transition from parental genome regulation to that of the newly formed embryo.

The duration of embryo culture after mouse IVF differentially affects cardiovascular and metabolic health in male offspring.

Study Question: Do the long-term health outcomes following IVF differ depending upon the duration of embryo culture before transfer?

Summary Answer: Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that in male but not female offspring, adverse cardiovascular (CV) health was more likely with prolonged culture to the blastocyst stage, but metabolic dysfunction was more likely if embryo transfer (ET) occurred at the early cleavage stage.

What Is Known Already: ART associate with increased risk of adverse CV and metabolic health in offspring, and these findings have been confirmed in animal models in the absence of parental infertility issues. It is unclear which specific ART treatments may cause these risks.

The impact of COVID-19 on adjusted mortality risk in care homes for older adults in Wales, UK: a retrospective population-based cohort study for mortality in 2016-2020.

Background: mortality in care homes has had a prominent focus during the COVID-19 outbreak. Care homes are particularly vulnerable to the spread of infectious diseases, which may lead to increased mortality risk. Multiple and interconnected challenges face the care home sector in the prevention and management of outbreaks of COVID-19, including adequate supply of personal protective equipment, staff shortages and insufficient or lack of timely COVID-19 testing.

Paternal programming of offspring health.

In recent years, a new focus of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis has emerged examining the potential role that paternal health may play in embryo development, fetal growth and long-term offspring health. While the association between male health and sperm quality has been studied in detail, our understanding of the long-term paternal effects on offspring health remains limited. As with studies aimed at understanding maternal programming, animal models are an essential tool with which to define the underlying mechanisms linking paternal health to post-fertilisation development and offspring well-being.

Do home modifications reduce care home admissions for older people? A matched control evaluation of the Care & Repair Cymru service in Wales.

Background: home advice and modification interventions aim to promote independent living for those living in the community, but quantitative evidence of their effectiveness is limited.

Aim: assess the risk of care home admissions for people with different frailty levels receiving home advice and modification interventions against a control group who do not.

Study Design And Setting: matched control evaluation using linked longitudinal data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank, comprising people aged 60-95, registered with a SAIL contributing general practice.

Pooling saliva to increase SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity.

Expanding testing capabilities is integral to managing the further spread of SARS-CoV-2 and developing reopening strategies, particularly in regards to identifying and isolating asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals. Central to meeting testing demands are specimens that can be easily and reliably collected and laboratory capacity to rapidly ramp up to scale. We and others have demonstrated that high and consistent levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in saliva from COVID-19 inpatients, outpatients, and asymptomatic individuals.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of carers of people with intellectual disabilities.

Introduction: The measures implemented to manage the COVID-19 pandemic have been shown to impair mental health. This problem is likely to be exacerbated for carers.

Method: Informal carers (mainly parents) of children and adults with intellectual disabilities, and a comparison group of parents of children without disabilities, completed an online questionnaire.

Theoretical basis for stabilizing messenger RNA through secondary structure design.

RNA hydrolysis presents problems in manufacturing, long-term storage, world-wide delivery, and in vivo stability of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines and therapeutics. A largely unexplored strategy to reduce mRNA hydrolysis is to redesign RNAs to form double-stranded regions, which are protected from in-line cleavage and enzymatic degradation, while coding for the same proteins. The amount of stabilization that this strategy can deliver and the most effective algorithmic approach to achieve stabilization remain poorly understood.

National Survey of Burnout and Distress Among Cardiothoracic Surgery Trainees.

Background: Burnout has been linked to poor job satisfaction and increased medical errors, and is prevalent among health care professionals. We sought to characterize burnout and distress among US cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) trainees.

Methods: A 19-question survey was sent to CTS trainees in collaboration with the Thoracic Surgery Residents Association.

Influence of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Peritoneal Inflammation, Cancer-Associated Lymphocytes, and Survival in a Murine Carcinomatous Peritonitis Model.

Background: Low-carbohydrate high-fat diets (LCHFDs) are thought to be beneficial for metabolic support in patients with advanced cancer. However, whether LCHFDs affect the progression of carcinomatous peritonitis (CP) remains unclear. Our study examined the influence of a lard-based LCHFD on host immunity and survival in a murine CP model.

Intratumoral IL12 mRNA Therapy Promotes TH1 Transformation of the Tumor Microenvironment.

Purpose: While immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-L1 are rapidly becoming the standard of care in the treatment of many cancers, only a subset of treated patients have long-term responses. IL12 promotes antitumor immunity in mouse models; however, systemic recombinant IL12 had significant toxicity and limited efficacy in early clinical trials.

Experimental Design: We therefore designed a novel intratumoral IL12 mRNA therapy to promote local IL12 tumor production while mitigating systemic effects.

Simply saliva: stability of SARS-CoV-2 detection negates the need for expensive collection devices.

Most currently approved strategies for the collection of saliva for COVID-19 diagnostics require specialized tubes containing buffers promoted for the stabilization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and virus inactivation. Yet many of these are expensive, in limited supply, and not necessarily validated specifically for viral RNA. While saliva is a promising sample type as it can be reliably self-collected for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, the expense and availability of these collection tubes are prohibitive to mass testing efforts.

A socio-spatial analysis of pedestrian falls in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Falls are a leading cause of injury and accidental death, particularly amongst older people. Evidence of environmental risk factors for pedestrian falls among older adults could support age-friendly urban design and contribute to efforts to reduce the incidence of pedestrian falls and support outdoor mobility among older adults. Yet investigation of the environment in which pedestrian falls occur is often hampered by its reliance on participant recall and self-report information.

Effectiveness of a brief lifestyle intervention targeting mental health staff: analysis of physical fitness and activity in the Keeping Our Staff in Mind study.

Background: People with mental illness die on average 15 years less than the general population, primarily to cardiometabolic disease. Lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk but are not routinely provided to mental health consumers. Lifestyle interventions targeting mental health staff may be beneficial in changing culture surrounding physical health and subsequently improving consumer outcomes.

Protocol for Take-home naloxone In Multicentre Emergency (TIME) settings: feasibility study.

Background: Opioids, such as heroin, kill more people worldwide by overdose than any other type of drug, and death rates associated with opioid poisoning in the UK are at record levels (World Drug Report 2018 [Internet]. [cited 2019 Nov 19]. Available from: http://www.

Extraction of Lipids from Liquid Biological Samples for High-Throughput Lipidomics.

Extraction of the lipid fraction is a key part of acquiring lipidomics data. High-throughput lipidomics, the extraction of samples in 96w plates that are then run on 96 or 384w plates, has particular requirements that mean special development work is needed to fully optimise an extraction method. Several methods have been published as suitable for it.

Percutaneous Pulmonary Vein Stenting to Treat Severe Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Surgical Reconstruction.

A 36-year-old female underwent left lower lobectomy with left atrial and left upper pulmonary vein (LUPV) reconstruction with a bovine pericardial patch for an intrathoracic pheochromocytoma. Postoperatively, she developed shortness of breath and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated LUPV stenosis with increased velocities. Computed tomography angiogram of the chest revealed LUPV stenosis at the left atrium ostium with an area of 39 mm.

Accelerated cryo-EM-guided determination of three-dimensional RNA-only structures.

The discovery and design of biologically important RNA molecules is outpacing three-dimensional structural characterization. Here, we demonstrate that cryo-electron microscopy can routinely resolve maps of RNA-only systems and that these maps enable subnanometer-resolution coordinate estimation when complemented with multidimensional chemical mapping and Rosetta DRRAFTER computational modeling. This hybrid 'Ribosolve' pipeline detects and falsifies homologies and conformational rearrangements in 11 previously unknown 119- to 338-nucleotide protein-free RNA structures: full-length Tetrahymena ribozyme, hc16 ligase with and without substrate, full-length Vibrio cholerae and Fusobacterium nucleatum glycine riboswitch aptamers with and without glycine, Mycobacterium SAM-IV riboswitch with and without S-adenosylmethionine, and the computer-designed ATP-TTR-3 aptamer with and without AMP.

Surveillance Practice for Sonographic Detection of Intracranial Abnormalities in Premature Neonates: A Snapshot of Current Neonatal Cranial Ultrasound Practice in Australia.

There are no publications reporting on scan duration and Doppler use during neonatal cranial ultrasound scans. We investigated current practice of neonatal cranial ultrasound at four large tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Australia. Cranial scans were prospectively recorded between March 2015 and November 2016.