The relative effectiveness of a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine versus standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccines in older adults in France: a retrospective cohort study during the 2021-2022 influenza season.

Objectives: High-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (HD-QIV) was introduced during the 2021/2022 influenza season in France for adults aged ≥65 years as an alternative to standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (SD-QIV). The aim of this study is to estimate the relative vaccine effectiveness of HD-QIV vs. SD-QIV against influenza-related hospitalizations in France.

Hospital Burden of All-Cause Pneumonia and Nonbacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults in France Between 2013 and 2019.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to describe the hospital burden of pneumonia in the adult population in France.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from the National Health Insurance Database.

Antimicrobial Resistance as Risk Factor for Recurrent Bacteremia after Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. Community-Onset Bacteremia.

We investigated links between antimicrobial resistance in community-onset bacteremia and 1-year bacteremia recurrence by using the clinical data warehouse of Europe's largest university hospital group in France. We included adult patients hospitalized with an incident community-onset Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. bacteremia during 2017-2019.

Care pathways of sepsis survivors: sequelae, mortality and use of healthcare services in France, 2015-2018.

Background: Individuals who survive sepsis are at high risk of chronic sequelae, resulting in significant health-economic costs. Several studies have focused on aspects of healthcare pathways of sepsis survivors but comprehensive, longitudinal overview of their pathways of care are scarce. The aim of this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study is to identify sepsis survivor profiles based on their healthcare pathways and describe their healthcare consumption and costs over the 3 years following their index hospitalization.

Determinants of worldwide antibiotic resistance dynamics across drug-bacterium pairs: a multivariable spatial-temporal analysis using ATLAS.

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a major concern for global health. However, factors driving its emergence and dissemination are not fully understood. Identification of such factors is crucial to explain heterogeneity in ABR rates observed across space, time, and species and antibiotics.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Bacteremia in the Greater Paris Area from 2016 to 2019.

Purpose: Antibiotic-resistant bacteremia is a leading global cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality. Clinical data warehouses (CDWs) allow for the secure, real-time coupling of diverse data sources from real-world clinical settings, including care-based medical-administrative data and laboratory-based microbiological data. The main purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of CDWs in the epidemiological study of antibiotic resistance by constructing a database of bacteremia patients, BactHub, and describing their main clinico-microbiological features and outcomes.

One-year hospital readmission for recurrent sepsis: associated risk factors and impact on 1-year mortality-a French nationwide study.

Background: Sepsis is a complex health condition, leading to long-term morbidity and mortality. Understanding the risk factors for recurrent sepsis, as well as its impact on mid- and long-term mortality among other risk factors, is essential to improve patient survival.

Methods: A risk factor analysis, based on French nationwide medico-administrative data, was conducted on a cohort of patients above 15 years old, hospitalized with an incident sepsis in metropolitan France between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2018 and who survived their index hospitalization.

Parental report of levels of care and needs 7-years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: Results of the traumatisme grave de l'Enfant (TGE) cohort study.

This study investigated parental reports of the level of care and needs 7-years following severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the factors associated with this outcome. From the 65 children (0-15 years) consecutively admitted to the Parisian regional TBI reference intensive care unit following severe TBI, included in this prospective longitudinal study, 39 patients [M(SD) age at injury = 7.5 years (4.

Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions in France: Patients and Providers Characteristics and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In France, despite several successive plans to control antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic use remains high in the outpatient setting. This study aims to better understand outpatient antibiotic use and prescription in order to identify tailored targets for future public health actions. Using data from the French National Health Data System, we described and compared the individual characteristics of patients with and without an antibiotic prescription.

Trends in bacterial sepsis incidence and mortality in France between 2015 and 2019 based on National Health Data System (Système National des données de Santé (SNDS)): a retrospective observational study.

Objective: This study aims to provide a case definition of sepsis of presumed bacterial aetiology based on 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes, to assess trends in sepsis incidence and mortality between 2015 and 2019 in France, and to describe the characteristics of affected patients and hospital stays.

Design: Nationwide, population-based, retrospective observational study.

Setting: Metropolitan France between 2015 and 2019.

Non-traumatic coma in young children in Benin: are viral and bacterial infections gaining ground on cerebral malaria?

Background: While malaria morbidity and mortality have declined since 2000, viral central nervous system infections appear to be an important, underestimated cause of coma in malaria-endemic Eastern Africa. We aimed to describe the etiology of non-traumatic comas in young children in Benin, as well as their management and early outcomes, and to identify factors associated with death.

Methods: From March to November 2018, we enrolled all HIV-negative children aged between 2 and 6 years, with a Blantyre Coma Score ≤ 2, in this prospective observational study.

From Pathophysiological Hypotheses to Case-Control Study Design: Resistance from Antibiotic Exposure in Community-Onset Infections.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern, at least partly due to the misuse of antibiotics. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections in the community has shifted at-risk populations into the general population. Numerous case-control studies attempt to better understand the link between antibiotic use and antibiotic-resistant community-onset infections.

Functional status 1 year after severe childhood traumatic brain injury predicts 7-year outcome: Results of the TGE study.

Background: Childhood severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-lasting acquired disability, but predicting long-term functional outcome remains difficult.

Objectives: This study aimed to 1) describe the functional outcome at 1 and 7 years post-TBI; 2) determine the initial and concurrent factors associated with long-term outcome; and 3) evaluate the predictive value of functional status, overall disability level and intellectual ability measured at 1 year post-injury to determine 7-year clinically meaningful outcomes.

Methods: Among the children (<16 years) consecutively included over 3 years in the Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant (TGE) prospective longitudinal cohort study after accidental severe TBI, we studied the outcomes of 39 survivors at 1 and 7 years post-injury.

Antibiotic prescriptions and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in patients hospitalized with urinary tract infection: a matched case-control study using the French health insurance database (SNDS).

Background: Antibiotic resistance is increasing among urinary pathogens, resulting in worse clinical and economic outcomes. We analysed factors associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in patients hospitalized for urinary tract infection, using the comprehensive French national claims database.

Methods: Hospitalized urinary tract infections were identified from 2015 to 2017.

Memory functioning 7 years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: Results of the Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant study.

Objective: To explore memory functioning 7 years after severe paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), associated factors, and relationships with other outcomes.

Method: Children aged 0-15 years (n = 65), consecutively admitted over a 3-year period in a single trauma centre, who survived after severe non-inflicted TBI, were included in a prospective longitudinal study. Memory assessments were performed 7 years post-injury using the Children's Memory Scale or the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS IV), according to age.

Outpatient antibiotic use attributable to viral acute lower respiratory tract infections during the cold season in France, 2010-2017.

Antibiotic stewardship requires clear insight into antibiotic overuse and the syndromes that lead to prescription. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of antibiotic prescriptions attributable to acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) during the cold season. Using individual data from the French National Health Insurance (NHI) database, weekly time series were constructed of outpatient antibiotic (beta-lactams and macrolides) prescriptions between January 2010 and December 2017.

Costs and Outcomes of 1-year post-discharge care trajectories of patients admitted with infection due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Background: The impact of antibiotic resistance (AMR) on initial hospital management has been extensively studied but its consequences after hospital discharge remain largely unknown. We aimed to analyze hospital care trajectories, cumulative length of hospital stays (c-LOS) and associated costs of care over a 1-year period after hospitalization with incident AMR infection.

Method: All incident bacterial infection-related hospitalizations occurring from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015 and recorded in the French national health data information system were extracted.

Individual decontamination measures reduce by two the incidence of surgical site infections in spinal surgery.

Background: In spinal surgery, incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) is estimated between 1 and 10%. It results in increased morbidity, mortality and cost of management. Individual Staphylococcus aureus (SA) decolonization has already proved efficiency to prevent those events in various surgical domains.

Functional outcome after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: Results of the TGE prospective longitudinal study.

Background: Childhood severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-lasting acquired disability, but little is known about functional outcome.

Objective: We aimed to 1) study clinical recovery and functional outcome over 24 months after severe childhood TBI, 2) identify early sociodemographic and severity factors influencing outcome, and 3) examine the clinical utility of the Pediatric Injury Functional Outcome Scale (PIFOS) to assess functional outcome.

Methods: Children (0-15 years) consecutively admitted in a trauma centre after accidental severe TBI over 3 years were included in a prospective longitudinal study (Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant cohort).

Critical Orientation in the Jungle of Currently Available Methods and Types of Data for Source Attribution of Foodborne Diseases.

With increased interest in source attribution of foodborne pathogens, there is a need to sort and assess the applicability of currently available methods. Herewith we reviewed the most frequently applied methods for source attribution of foodborne diseases, discussing their main strengths and weaknesses to be considered when choosing the most appropriate methods based on the type, quality, and quantity of data available, the research questions to be addressed, and the (epidemiological and microbiological) characteristics of the pathogens in question. A variety of source attribution approaches have been applied in recent years.

Executive functions and attention 7years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: Results of the Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant (TGE) cohort.

Objectives: Severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-standing executive function and attention deficits, with negative consequences for participation, academic outcome and independence. This study aimed to assess executive function and attention 7 years after severe childhood TBI in comparison with a matched control group and to investigate associated factors.

Methods: Children (<15years) with severe accidental TBI consecutively admitted in a single trauma center over 3years were included in the Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant (TGE) prospective longitudinal study.

Self- and parent-reported Quality of Life 7 years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury in the Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant cohort: associations with objective and subjective factors and outcomes.

Purpose: To investigate self- and parent-reported Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQoL) and their associations after severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant (TGE) cohort.

Methods: Self- (n = 34) and/or parent-reports (n = 25) of HRQoL were collected for 38 participants (age 7-22 years) 7 years after severe childhood TBI. The collected data included sociodemographic characteristics, injury severity indices, and overall disability and functional outcome at 3-months, 1- and 2-years post-injury.

Self- and Parent-Reported Fatigue 7 Years After Severe Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: Results of the Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Objective: To investigate presence of and factors associated with self- and parent-reported fatigue 7 years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the prospective longitudinal study TGE (Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant-severe childhood trauma).

Methods: Self-reports and/or parent reports on the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale were collected for 38 participants (aged 7-22 years) 7 years after severe childhood TBI, and 33 controls matched for age, gender, and parental educational level. The data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, age at injury and injury severity scores, overall disability (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended), intellectual outcome (Wechsler scales), and questionnaires assessing executive functions, health-related quality of life, behavior, and participation.