A versatile real-time vision-led runway localisation system for enhanced autonomy.

This paper proposes a solution to the challenging task of autonomously landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). An onboard computer vision module integrates the vision system with the ground control communication and video server connection. The vision platform performs feature extraction using the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), followed by fast Structured Forests edge detection and then smoothing with a Kalman filter for accurate runway sidelines prediction.

MerQuaCo: a computational tool for quality control in image-based spatial transcriptomics.

Image-based spatial transcriptomics platforms are powerful tools often used to identify cell populations and describe gene expression in intact tissue. Spatial experiments return large, high-dimension datasets and several open-source software packages are available to facilitate analysis and visualization. Spatial results are typically imperfect.

Incorporating the concept of overtransfusion into hemovigilance monitoring: An expert-based definition and criteria from the International HIT-OVER Forum.

Background: Liberal or overtransfusion (OT) may be regarded as "inappropriate," but it is not reported as a transfusion-related adverse event. A definition of OT is lacking. OT may include overdosing of components, giving the incorrect component, or unnecessary administration without evidence of need for transfusion.

Do It Well or Not at All: Alternative Flight Solutions for Alpine Insects.

Exposed and isolated alpine ecosystems present evolutionary challenges for flying species worldwide. Many insects have undergone dramatic wing reduction in response to these harsh conditions, losing the ability to fly. By contrast, some taxa have countered alpine conditions by evolving larger wings to improve flight ability.

Feeding postures as indicators of mutable collagenous tissue in extinct echinoderms.

Echinoderms are a diverse phylum with a rich fossil record. The five extant classes of echinoderms are characterised by a pentameral (or pseudo-pentameral) symmetry, a water vascular system, a mesodermal skeleton of calcite stereom, and Mutable Collagenous Tissue (MCT), a unique type of connective tissue. Difficulties in tracing the geologic history of these traits complicates phylogenetic analyses of echinoderms.

Blastocyst complementation generates exogenous donor-derived liver in ahepatic pigs.

Liver diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Globally, liver diseases are responsible for approximately 2 million deaths annually (1 of every 25 deaths). Many of the patients with chronic liver diseases can benefit from organ transplantation.

Human-driven evolution of color in a stonefly mimic.

Rapid adaptation is thought to be critical for the survival of species under global change, but our understanding of human-induced evolution in the wild remains limited. We show that widespread deforestation has underpinned repeated color shifts in wild insect populations. Specifically, loss of forest has led to color changes across lineages that mimic the warning coloration of a toxic forest stonefly.

Recent Noteworthy Studies in Thoracic Oncology.

Background: In this paper, we review recent prospective surgical studies on resectable esophageal and lung cancer.

Methods: A narrative literature review was performed using the terms 'resectable esophageal cancer' and 'multimodal therapy' and 'resectable non-small cell lung cancer'. Prospective surgical trials performed from 2010 to 2023 were identified and analyzed.

Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Although AD progression is characterized by stereotyped accumulation of proteinopathies, the affected cellular populations remain understudied. Here we use multiomics, spatial genomics and reference atlases from the BRAIN Initiative to study middle temporal gyrus cell types in 84 donors with varying AD pathologies.

Enhancer AAV toolbox for accessing and perturbing striatal cell types and circuits.

We present an enhancer AAV toolbox for accessing and perturbing striatal cell types and circuits. Best-in-class vectors were curated for accessing major striatal neuron populations including medium spiny neurons (MSNs), direct and indirect pathway MSNs, as well as Sst-Chodl, Pvalb-Pthlh, and cholinergic interneurons. Specificity was evaluated by multiple modes of molecular validation, three different routes of virus delivery, and with diverse transgene cargos.

An Orthogonal Workflow of Electrochemical, Computational, and Thermodynamic Methods Reveals Limitations of Using a Literature-Reported Insulin Binding Peptide in Biosensors.

Developing a continuous insulin-monitoring biosensor is of great importance for both the cellular biomanufacturing industry and for treating diabetes mellitus. Such a sensor needs to be able to effectively monitor insulin across a range of temperatures and pHs and with varying concentrations of competing analytes. One of the two main components of any biosensor is the recognition element, which is responsible for interacting with the molecule of interest.

Fatty Acid Uptake in and the Landscape of Its Infectious Niches.

is consistently ranked among the most problematic multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens in healthcare systems. Developing novel treatments requires a better understanding of its interaction with the host environment. Although bacteria can synthesize fatty acids, emerging findings suggest a potential preference for their acquisition from the host.

Venous thromboembolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

Objective: To determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy in UK gynecological cancer centers. Secondary outcomes included incidence and timing of venous thromboembolism since cancer presentation, impact on cancer treatment, and mortality.

Methods: All UK gynecological cancer centers were invited to participate in this multi-center retrospective audit through the British Gynecological Cancer Society.

The contribution of household income to rectal cancer patient characteristics, treatment, and outcomes from 2010 to 2020.

Background: There is a paucity of recent literature investigating the sole effect of income level on the treatment and survival of patients with rectal cancer.

Methods: We analyzed all cases of rectal cancer in the Rectal Cancer PUF of the NCDB from 2010 to 2020. We utilized the Median Income Quartiles 2016-2020 to define our income levels.

HIV and intersectional stigma among people living with HIV and healthcare workers and antiretroviral therapy adherence in the Dominican Republic.

Background: HIV-related stigma, discrimination, and social marginalization undermines optimal HIV care outcomes. More research examining the impact of HIV-related stigma, discrimination, other interlocking forms of oppression, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is needed to optimize HIV treatment programming. This study uses data from two clinics in the Dominican Republic to examine client and healthcare worker (HCW) perceptions of HIV and intersectional stigmas among people living with HIV.

Reverse social contagion as a mechanism for regulating mass behaviors in highly integrated social systems.

Mass behavior is the rapid adoption of similar conduct by all group members, with potentially catastrophic outcomes such as mass panic. Yet, these negative consequences are rare in integrated social systems such as social insect colonies, thanks to mechanisms of social regulation. Here, we test the hypothesis that behavioral deactivation between active individuals is a powerful social regulator that reduces energetic spending in groups.

A Moderated Mediation Analysis of HIV and Intersectional Stigmas and Antiretroviral Adherence in People Living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.

Experiencing HIV and intersectional stigmas in healthcare settings may affect antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence among people with HIV (PWH), given their need for frequent interactions with clinical settings and healthcare providers. Considering the importance of reducing stigmas to promote well-being and the need to elucidate how stigma influences health across various settings, we examined how experienced HIV stigma in Dominican Republic healthcare settings impacts ART adherence through internalized HIV stigma and whether race or sexual orientation stigma moderates this relationship. Participants were 471 PWH (aged 17-71) who were recruited from two HIV clinics in the Dominican Republic in 2021-2022.