Reducing Hospital Length of Stay and Hepatic Artery Thrombosis Rates for Children Receiving a Liver Transplant: A Single-Center Experience From 2000 to 2021.

Background: Pediatric liver transplantation is a very resource-intensive therapy. This study aimed to identify the changes made between two epochs of management and analyze their influence on length of stay (LOS).

Methods: Data from a single center were obtained from the liver transplant and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) databases for 336 transplants (282 children) performed between 2000 and 2021.

From across the globe - traumatic injuries are an international concern at the US-Mexico border wall.

Introduction: Socio-economic and political events of recent years have caused a significant increase in immigrants attempting to illegally cross the United States (US)-Mexico border. While a 30-foot border wall separates the US and Mexico, immigrants from around the world have used this location as their point of entry to the US. These border crossings have led to a dramatic increase in major trauma resulting in increased inpatient resource utilization and the need for comprehensive hospital services.

Developing Ethics and Equity Principles, Terms, and Engagement Tools to Advance Health Equity and Researcher Diversity in AI and Machine Learning: Modified Delphi Approach.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology design and development continues to be rapid, despite major limitations in its current form as a practice and discipline to address all sociohumanitarian issues and complexities. From these limitations emerges an imperative to strengthen AI and ML literacy in underserved communities and build a more diverse AI and ML design and development workforce engaged in health research.

Objective: AI and ML has the potential to account for and assess a variety of factors that contribute to health and disease and to improve prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.

Functional assessment of component positioning in patients with groin pain after total hip arthroplasty as a tool to guide management.

Background: Persisting groin pain post total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common and complex issue that can be difficult to diagnose and manage. Acetabular component positioning is often implicated.

Aims And Methods: We used a previously well described and validated functional positioning protocol to determine if functional acetabular malpositioning was a factor in groin pain post THA and hence to determine if acetabular revision would be indicated.

Simplified calculation of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis rate: Accuracy of a recently developed estimating equation.

Recently, we validated a simple method for estimating peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis rate. Despite good agreement between estimates and gold-standard measurements in two large dialysis registries, the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) was hesitant to recommend adoption of the estimating equation. Their perception is that inaccuracies, as small as they are, might still be detrimental to clinical decision-making.

Buildout and integration of an automated high-throughput CLIA laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 testing on a large urban campus.

In 2019, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in Wuhan, China, and by early 2020 the first cases were identified in the United States. SARS-CoV-2 infections increased in the US causing many states to implement stay-at-home orders and additional safety precautions to mitigate potential outbreaks. As policies changed throughout the pandemic and restrictions lifted, there was an increase in demand for COVID-19 testing which was costly, difficult to obtain, or had long turn-around times.

Mothers' and fathers' views on the importance of play for their children's development: Gender differences, academic activities, and the parental role.

Background: Play is a main driver of children's cognitive and social development and is crucial for educational success (Paediatrics, 119, 2007 and 182). In recent years, however, parents and schools are under pressure to prioritize academic targets over play.

Aims: The current research investigated parents' views about three aspects of their children's play and academic activities.

Diacetyl and Other Ketones in e-Cigarette Aerosols: Some Important Sources and Contributing Factors.

Concerns over the presence of the diketones 2,4 butanedione (DA) and 2,3 pentanedione (AP) in e-cigarettes arise from their potential to cause respiratory diseases. Their presence in e-liquids is a primary source, but they may potentially be generated by glycerol (VG) and propylene glycol (PG) when heated to produce aerosols. Factors leading to the presence of AP, DA and acetoin (AC) in e-cigarette aerosols were investigated.

Assessment of a COVID-19 Control Plan on an Urban University Campus During a Second Wave of the Pandemic.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted US educational institutions. Given potential adverse financial and psychosocial effects of campus closures, many institutions developed strategies to reopen campuses in the fall 2020 semester despite the ongoing threat of COVID-19. However, many institutions opted to have limited campus reopening to minimize potential risk of spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Association Between Treatments and Short-Term Biochemical Improvements and Clinical Outcomes in Post-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Inflammatory Syndrome.

Objectives: To 1) analyze the short-term biochemical improvements and clinical outcomes following treatment of children with post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 inflammatory syndrome (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) admitted to U.K. PICUs and 2) collate current treatment guidance from U.

Functional navigation in hip resurfacing.

Background: Acetabular malpositioning in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can result in edge loading, leading to increased wear, pseudotumours and bearing failure. Historically Lewinnek's safe zone has been the goal for optimal THA cup positioning; however, research indicates that one generic safe zone is not ideal. In hip resurfacing (HR) there is a lack of data regarding optimal position, and studies indicate that edge loading is related to increased inclination.

Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Pandemic: Experience From PICUs Across United Kingdom.

Objectives: To study the prevalence, evolution, and clinical factors associated with acute kidney injury in children admitted to PICUs with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.

Design: Multicenter observational study.

Setting: Fifteen PICUs across the United Kingdom.

Intensive care admissions of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in the UK: a multicentre observational study.

Background: In April, 2020, clinicians in the UK observed a cluster of children with unexplained inflammation requiring admission to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, course, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to PICUs with this condition, which is now known as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS).

Methods: We did a multicentre observational study of children (aged <18 years), admitted to PICUs in the UK between April 1 and May 10, 2020, fulfilling the case definition of PIMS-TS published by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.

Path Analysis Testing the Development of Personality and Psychological Well-being Model.

The purpose of this study was to test the development of personality and psychological well-being model. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive design. The 448 participants were recruited from older adults living in a Midwest community in the United States.

Convergent access to bis-1,2,4-triazinyl-2,2'-bipyridines (BTBPs) and 2,2'-bipyridines a Pd-catalyzed Ullman-type reaction.

Multidentate, soft-Lewis basic, complexant scaffolds have displayed significant potential in the discrete speciation of the minor actinides from the neutron-absorbing lanthanides resident in spent nuclear fuel. Efforts to devise convergent synthetic strategies to targets of interest to improve liquid-liquid separation outcomes continue, but significant challenges to improve solubility in process-relevant diluents to effectively define meaningful structure-activity relationships remain. In the current work, a synthetic method to achieve the challenging 2,2'-bipyridine bond of the bis-1,2,4-triazinyl-2,2'-bipyridine (BTBP) complexant class leveraging a Pd-catalyzed Ullman-type coupling is reported.

The effects of bariatric surgery on psychological aspects of eating behaviour and food intake in humans.

Bariatric surgery has emerged as an increasingly popular weight loss intervention, with larger and more endurable weight loss compared to pharmacological and behavioural interventions. The degree of weight loss patients experience varies, between individuals, surgeries and over time. An explanation as to why differing weight loss trajectories exist post-surgery could be due to the complex interplay of individual differences in relation to eating behaviours and appetite.

Pelvic and Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomical Characterization of the Average Male.

Objective: Colorectal surgeons report difficulty in positioning surgical devices in males, particularly those with a narrower pelvis. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the anatomy of the pelvis and surrounding soft tissue from magnetic resonance and computed tomography scans from 10 average males (175 cm, 78 kg) and (2) develop a model representing the mean configuration to assess variability.

Methods: The anatomy was characterized from existing scans using segmentation and registration techniques.

Educational priorities of students in the entrustable professional activity era.

Background: The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) guidelines on the entrustable professional activities (EPAs) expected of graduating medical students were recently published. Although perceptions of educators, residents and programme directors have been described, the voice of senior medical students is lacking.

Methods: A single-institution cross-sectional study of senior medical students was performed.

Catalyzing Interdisciplinary Research and Training: Initial Outcomes and Evolution of the Affinity Research Collaboratives Model.

Team science has been recognized as critical to solving increasingly complex biomedical problems and advancing discoveries in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease. In 2009, the Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research (ECIBR) was established in the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine as a new organizational paradigm to promote interdisciplinary team science. The ECIBR is made up of affinity research collaboratives (ARCs), consisting of investigators from different departments and disciplines who come together to study biomedical problems that are relevant to human disease and not under interdisciplinary investigation at the university.