T-CLEARE: A Pilot Community-Driven Tissue-Clearing Protocol Repository.

Selecting and implementing a tissue-clearing protocol is challenging. Established more than 100 years ago, tissue clearing is still a rapidly evolving field of research. There are currently many published protocols to choose from, and each performs better or worse across a range of key evaluation factors (e.

Outside the fiber: Endomysial stromal and capillary pathology in skeletal muscle may impede infusion therapy in infantile-onset Pompe disease.

The survival of infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) patients has improved dramatically since the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with a1glucosidase alfa. However, long-term IOPD survivors on ERT demonstrate motor deficits indicating that current therapy cannot completely prevent disease progression in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that in IOPD, skeletal muscle endomysial stroma and capillaries would show consistent changes that could impede the movement of infused ERT from blood to muscle fibers.

Standard metadata for 3D microscopy.

Recent advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques and tissue clearing, labeling, and staining provide unprecedented opportunities to investigate brain structure and function. These experiments' images make it possible to catalog brain cell types and define their location, morphology, and connectivity in a native context, leading to a better understanding of normal development and disease etiology. Consistent annotation of metadata is needed to provide the context necessary to understand, reuse, and integrate these data.

Identifying Priorities for Physiotherapy Research in the UK: the James Lind Alliance Physiotherapy Priority Setting Partnership.

Objectives: To identify unanswered questions for physiotherapy research and help set and prioritise the top 10 generic research priorities for the UK physiotherapy profession; updating previous clinical condition- specific priorities to include patient and carer perspectives, and reflect changes in physiotherapy practice, service provision and new technologies.

Design: The James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) methodology was adopted, utilising evidence review, survey and consensus methods.

Participants: Anyone with experience and/or an interest in UK physiotherapy: patients, carers, members of the public, physiotherapists, student physiotherapists, other healthcare professionals, researchers, educators, service providers, commissioners and policy makers.

How do UK physiotherapists address weight loss among individuals with hip osteoarthritis? A mixed-methods study.

Background: Weight loss is recommended as a core treatment for individuals with hip osteoarthritis who are overweight or obese. Physiotherapists play an important role in managing patients with hip osteoarthritis, but little is known about how they address weight. We aimed to explore how UK-based physiotherapists currently address weight loss among individuals with hip OA.

A mixed methods exploration of physiotherapist's approaches to analgesic use among patients with hip osteoarthritis.

Objective: To explore how physiotherapists currently address analgesic use among patients with hip osteoarthritis, and their beliefs about the acceptability of prescribing for these patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was mailed to 3126 UK-based physiotherapists. Approaches to analgesic use among patients with hip osteoarthritis were explored using a case vignette.

Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization.

Saturation has attained widespread acceptance as a methodological principle in qualitative research. It is commonly taken to indicate that, on the basis of the data that have been collected or analysed hitherto, further data collection and/or analysis are unnecessary. However, there appears to be uncertainty as to how saturation should be conceptualized, and inconsistencies in its use.

Cultural aspects of pain: A study of Indian Asian women in the UK.

Objectives: Culture and ethnicity are acknowledged as important factors in the context of the biopsychosocial model. They may contribute to explaining the experience of pain, therapeutic encounters within healthcare, and the strategies that individuals use to cope with pain. The present study explored these issues in a sample of Indian Asian women in the UK.

Regulation of RAW264.7 macrophage polarization on smooth and rough surface topographies by galectin-3.

Recognition of topographical features induces phenotypic changes in macrophages although the receptors and signaling pathways are not completely characterized. As integrin molecules in focal adhesions/podosomes are in intimate contact with topography and topography modulates the NFkB pathway through cholesterol enriched raft-associated adhesive signaling structures we hypothesized that a cell-surface signaling complex comprised of galectin-3 together with its ligand CD98 and integrinβ1 is important for topography-directed lineage determination. This study used polished, sand blasted and acid etched (SLA) surfaces and two novel grooved topographies (G1 and G2) produced by anisotropic etching of Si <1 1 0> to evaluate the role of galectin-3 in macrophage polarization in RAW 264.

Exploring the prevalence of and factors associated with advice on prescription medicines: A survey of community pharmacies in an English city.

Service users rely upon pharmacy staff to provide advice on prescription medicines. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of advice-giving in pharmacies located across different areas within an inner-city population. A questionnaire was administered with service users outside 29 community pharmacies in an English Midlands city between February and July 2014.

Perineal resuturing versus expectant management following vaginal delivery complicated by a dehisced wound (PREVIEW): a nested qualitative study.

Objective: To explore women's lived experiences of a dehisced perineal wound following childbirth and how they felt participating in a pilot and feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Design: A nested qualitative study using semistructured interviews, underpinned by descriptive phenomenology.

Participants And Setting: A purposive sample of six women at 6-9 months postnatal who participated in the RCT were interviewed in their own homes.

Evaluating Acupuncture and Standard carE for pregnant women with Back pain (EASE Back): a feasibility study and pilot randomised trial.

Background: Many pregnant women experience low back pain. Acupuncture appears to be a safe, promising intervention but evidence is needed about its clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of a future large randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing the additional benefit of adding acupuncture to standard care (SC) for pregnancy-related back pain.

Novel grooved substrata stimulate macrophage fusion, CCL2 and MMP-9 secretion.

Rough surface topographies on implants attract macrophages but the influence of topography on macrophage fusion to produce multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and foreign body giant cells (FBGC) is unclear. Two rough novel grooved substrata, G1 and G2, fabricated by anisotropic etching of Silicon <110> crystals without the use of photolithographic patterning, and a control smooth surface (Pol) were produced and replicated in epoxy. The surfaces were compared for their effects on RAW264.

Using Bourdieu's Theoretical Framework to Examine How the Pharmacy Educator Views Pharmacy Knowledge.

Objective: To explore how different pharmacy educators view pharmacy knowledge within the United Kingdom MPharm program and to relate these findings to Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework.

Methods: Twelve qualitative interviews were conducted with 4 faculty members from 3 different types of schools of pharmacy in the United Kingdom: a newer school, an established teaching-based school, and an established research-intensive school. Selection was based on a representation of both science-based and practice-based disciplines, gender balance, and teaching experience.

Physical Therapists' Views and Experiences of Pregnancy-Related Low Back Pain and the Role of Acupuncture: Qualitative Exploration.

Background: Low back pain is often accepted as a "normal" part of pregnancy. Despite research suggesting that quality of life for women who are pregnant is adversely affected, most are advised to self-manage. Although the use of acupuncture for the management of persistent nonspecific low back pain has been recommended in recent UK national guidelines, its use in the management of pregnancy-related low back pain remains limited.

The understanding of pain by older adults who consider themselves to have aged successfully.

Objectives: Despite an ageing population and an increased prevalence of chronic pain, the relationship between chronic pain and the concept of successful ageing is unclear. The aim of the present research was to explore older people's views on past and present experiences of pain, and its management, and how these experiences relate to their perceptions of successful ageing.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with six participants, aged 75 years or older, who considered themselves to have aged successfully, explored what this concept meant to them and their experiences of pain.

'A stroke of luck': a case report of a right-sided cerebellar cerebrovascular accident in a young man.

A 27-year-old man with a history of migraines, epilepsy and pulmonary stenosis presented to the emergency department with symptoms of vomiting, headache, visual disturbance and problems with balance. The team considered the possibility of intracranial pathology and an urgent CT head with contrast showed what appeared to be a large posterior fossa mass with an appearance suggestive of a primary haemangioblastoma, which was causing considerable mass effect. The patient had neurosurgery to relieve the obstruction and a biopsy of the area showed the mass to be an ischaemic infarct rather than a tumour.

In vitro antibacterial effect of carbamide peroxide on oral biofilm.

This study compared the effects of carbamide peroxide (CP) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on oral biofilm in vitro. Collagen-coated hydroxyapatite discs were inoculated with subgingival plaque. After 3 weeks, the emergent biofilms were subjected to 1-, 3-, and 10-min exposures of a 1% CHX gel, a 5% CP gel and rinse, and a 10% CP gel and rinse.

The effect of surface roughness on RAW 264.7 macrophage phenotype.

Monocyte-derived cells, including macrophages and foreign body giant cells, can determine the performance of implanted devices. Upon contact with biomaterials, macrophages can be activated into a classic inflammatory (M1) or wound-healing (M2) phenotype. Previously, we showed that high macrophage density on rough SLA implants was associated with early bone formation.

Infection control in digital intraoral radiography: evaluation of microbiological contamination of photostimulable phosphor plates in barrier envelopes.

Background And Objective: The detectors (both solid-state sensors and photostimulable phosphor [PSP] plates) used for digital intraoral radiography cannot be autoclaved, and barriers are typically used to prevent the spread of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a barrier envelope system for PSP plates.

Methods: Disinfected PSP plates were aseptically inserted into barrier envelopes and placed in a periapical location.

Intra-individual variations in the bifurcation of the radial nerve and the length of the posterior interosseous nerve.

Anatomical literature on the radial nerve predominantly features inter-individual variations, with comparatively few studies investigating intra-individual variations. The radial nerve has a complex and variable course, particularly in relation to the location at which the nerve bifurcates to form the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the posterior interosseous nerve. Variations of the radial nerve may change the way the nerve and its branches, their blood supply and nerve transmission respond to forces.

The effect of surface topography on early NFκB signaling in macrophages.

Surface topography modulates macrophage expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through triggering of a number of different signaling pathways. In this article, we investigated the early activation of the NFκB pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages in response to four surface topographies: mechanically polished (PO), coarse sand blasted (CB), acid etched (AE), and sandblasted and acid etched (SLA).

Is pharmacy a knowledge-based profession?

An increasingly important question for the pharmacy educator is the relationship between pharmacy knowledge and professionalism. There is a substantial body of literature on the theory of knowledge and it is useful to apply this to the profession of pharmacy. This review examines the types of knowledge and skill used by the pharmacist, with particular reference to tacit knowledge which cannot be codified.

Bone formation on rough, but not polished, subcutaneously implanted Ti surfaces is preceded by macrophage accumulation.

Implanted rough surfaces have long been associated with the accumulation of macrophages and other cells of the monocytic lineage such as foreign body giant cells and osteoclasts. As cells of the moncytic lineage are part of the immune system, the response of this cell family to biomaterials has attracted wide concern. This study compared events at the interface of implant surface topographies with varied roughness in a rat subcutaneous model.