Finding the bulk viscosity of air from Rayleigh-Brillouin light scattering spectra.

Spectral line shape models can successfully reproduce experimental Rayleigh-Brillouin spectra, but they need knowledge about the bulk viscosity η. Light scattering involves GHz frequencies, but since η is only documented at low frequencies, η is usually left as a free parameter, which is determined by a fit of the model to an experimental spectrum. The question is whether models work so well because of this freedom.

Dispersion of Molecular Patterns Written in Turbulent Air.

We study the dispersion of tiny molecular clouds in turbulence by writing patterns in turbulent air and following their deformation in time. The writing is done by fusing O_{2} and N_{2} molecules into NO in the focus of a strong ultraviolet laser beam. By crossing several of these laser beams, patterns that have both small and large scales can be painted.

Early stage breast cancer treatment and outcome of older patients treated in an oncogeriatric care and a standard care setting: an international comparison.

Introduction: Since older patients with breast cancer are underrepresented in clinical trials, an oncogeriatric approach is advocated to guide treatment decisions. However, the effect on outcomes is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare treatments and outcomes between patients treated in an oncogeriatric and a standard care setting.

Using Faraday Waves to Measure Interfacial Tension.

We use Faraday waves to measure interfacial tension σ between two immiscible fluids, with an interest in (ultra)low values of σ. The waves are excited by vertically oscillating the container in which the fluids reside. Using linear stability theory, we map out the accessible range of interfacial tensions.

Bulk viscosity of CO from Rayleigh-Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy at 532 nm.

Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectra of CO were measured at pressures ranging from 0.5 to 4 bars and temperatures from 257 to 355 K using green laser light (wavelength 532 nm, scattering angle of 55.7°).

Impact of age on breast cancer mortality and competing causes of death at 10 years follow-up in the adjuvant TEAM trial.

Aim: Due to increasing life expectancy, patients with breast cancer remain at risk of dying due to breast cancer over a long time. This study aims to assess the impact of age on breast cancer mortality and other cause mortality 10 years after diagnosis.

Methods: Postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer were included in the Tamoxifen and Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial between 2001 and 2006.

Primary Endocrine Therapy in Older Women with Breast Cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Breast cancer incidence increases with age. In recent years, primary endocrine therapy has been increasingly used as a treatment option for frail elderly women with breast cancer, although surgery is still the guideline-recommended treatment. In this review, we discuss the evidence for primary endocrine therapy versus surgical treatment in older women with early breast cancer.

The effect of finger spreading on drag of the hand in human swimming.

The effect of finger spread on overall drag on a swimmer's hand is relatively small, but could be relevant for elite swimmers. There are many sensitivities in measuring this effect. A comparison between numerical simulations, experiments and theory is urgently required to observe whether the effect is significant.

Dispersion of Droplet Clouds in Turbulence.

We measure the absolute dispersion of clouds of monodisperse, phosphorescent droplets in turbulent air by means of high-speed image-intensified video recordings. Laser excitation allows the initial preparation of well-defined, pencil-shaped luminous droplet clouds in a completely nonintrusive way. We find that the dispersion of the clouds is faster than the dispersion of fluid elements.

Lanthanide-based laser-induced phosphorescence for spray diagnostics.

Laser-induced phosphorescence (LIP) is a relatively recent and versatile development for studying flow dynamics. This work investigates certain lanthanide-based molecular complexes for their use in LIP for high-speed sprays. Lanthanide complexes in solutions have been shown to possess long phosphorescence lifetimes (∼1-2 ms) and to emit light in the visible wavelength range.

Rayleigh-Brillouin Scattering in Binary-Gas Mixtures.

Precise measurements are performed on spectral line shapes of spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering in mixtures of the noble gases Ar and Kr, with He. Admixture of a light He atomic fraction results in marked changes of the spectra, although in all experiments He is merely a spectator atom: it affects the relaxation of density fluctuations of the heavy constituent, but its contribution to the scattered light intensity is negligibly small. The results are compared to a theory for the spectral line shape without adjustable parameters, yielding excellent agreement for the case of binary monatomic gases, signifying a step towards modeling and understanding of light scattering in more complex molecular media.

Measuring droplet size distributions from overlapping interferometric particle images.

Interferometric particle imaging provides a simple way to measure the probability density function (PDF) of droplet sizes from out-focus images. The optical setup is straightforward, but the interpretation of the data is a problem when particle images overlap. We propose a new way to analyze the images.

Contralateral breast cancer risk in relation to tumor morphology and age-in which patients is preoperative MRI justified?

Identification of patients who are at increased risk for contralateral breast cancer is essential to determine which patients should be routinely screened for contralateral breast cancer using MRI. The aim of this study was to assess the association of age and tumor morphology with contralateral breast cancer incidence in a large, nationwide population-based study in the Netherlands. All patients with breast cancer stage I-III, diagnosed between 1989 and 2009, were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry.

Survival and relapse free period of 2926 unselected older breast cancer patients: a FOCUS cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have shown that breast cancer survival decreases with increasing age among older patients who participate in trials. However, trial participants differ from patients in the general population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between age and breast cancer outcome in an unselected group of older breast cancer patients.

Effect of implementation of the mass breast cancer screening programme in older women in the Netherlands: population based study.

Objective: To assess the incidence of early stage and advanced stage breast cancer before and after the implementation of mass screening in women aged 70-75 years in the Netherlands in 1998.

Design: Prospective nationwide population based study.

Setting: National cancer registry, the Netherlands.

Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering of carbon dioxide.

The spectral line shape of spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering in CO2 is studied in a range of pressures. The spectrum is influenced by the bulk viscosity η(b), which is a relaxation phenomenon involving the internal degrees of freedom of the molecule. The associated relaxation rates can be compared to the frequency shift of the scattered light, which demands precise measurements of the spectral line shape.

Validity of Adjuvant! Online program in older patients with breast cancer: a population-based study.

Background: Adjuvant! Online is a prediction tool that can be used to aid clinical decision making in patients with breast cancer. It was developed in a patient population aged 69 years or younger, and subsequent validation studies included small numbers of older patients. Since older patients with breast cancer differ from younger patients in many aspects, the aim of this study was to investigate the validity of Adjuvant! Online in a large cohort of unselected older patients.

Impact of comorbidity on outcome of older breast cancer patients: a FOCUS cohort study.

Older breast cancer patients often suffer from comorbid diseases, which may influence life expectancy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of specific comorbidities on overall survival and distant recurrence free period (DRFP) of older breast cancer patients. Patients were included from the population-based FOCUS cohort which contains 3,672 breast cancer patients aged 65 years or older.

Management of primary metastatic breast cancer in elderly patients--an international comparison of oncogeriatric versus standard care.

Background: An oncogeriatric approach may affect management of elderly patients with breast cancer. However, little is known about oncogeriatric care in the metastatic setting. Therefore, we performed an international comparison of management of elderly patients with primary metastatic disease who were treated in two different care settings.

External validity of a trial comprised of elderly patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Background: Inclusion in trials is selective, and thus results may not be generalizable to the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the external validity of randomized clinical trial outcomes for elderly breast cancer patients.

Methods: We compared characteristics and outcomes of breast cancer patients (n = 1325) who participated in a randomized clinical trial (Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational trial) with unselected breast cancer patients of corresponding age from the general population (n = 1056).