Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala in Autism: A Preregistered Large-Scale Study.

Objective: Three leading neurobiological hypotheses about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) propose underconnectivity between brain regions, atypical function of the amygdala, and generally higher variability between individuals with ASD than between neurotypical individuals. Past work has often failed to generalize, because of small sample sizes, unquantified data quality, and analytic flexibility. This study addressed these limitations while testing the above three hypotheses, applied to amygdala functional connectivity.

Epidemiology, etiology and prevention of injuries in competitive ice speed skating-limited current evidence, multiple future priorities: A scoping review.

Long-track and short-track ice speed skating are integral to the Winter Olympics. The state of evidence-based injury prevention in these sports is unclear. Our goals were to summarize the current scientific knowledge, to determine the state of research, and to highlight future research areas for injury prevention in ice speed skating.

Neural activation of regions involved in food reward and cognitive control in young females with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa versus healthy controls.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN (AtypAN) are complex neurobiological illnesses that typically onset in adolescence with an often treatment-refractory and chronic illness trajectory. Aberrant eating behaviors in this population have been linked to abnormalities in food reward and cognitive control, but prior studies have not examined respective contributions of clinical characteristics and metabolic state. Research is needed to identify specific disruptions and inform novel intervention targets to improve outcomes.

Conservative interventions may have little effect on reducing diastasis of the rectus abdominis in postnatal women - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) commonly occurs in pregnancy and postnatally. Physiotherapists routinely guide women in its management, although the effectiveness of these treatments is unknown.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of conservative interventions to reduce the presence and width of DRAM in pregnant and postnatal women.

IRAK4 inhibition dampens pathogenic processes driving inflammatory skin diseases.

Innate immunity not only shapes the way epithelial barriers interpret environmental cues but also drives adaptive responses. Therefore, modulators of innate immune responses are expected to have high therapeutic potential across immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. IRAK4 is a kinase that integrates signaling downstream of receptors acting at the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), interleukin-1R (IL-1R), and IL-18R.

Meta-analysis of structural MRI studies in anorexia nervosa and the role of recovery: a systematic review protocol.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with structural brain abnormalities. Studies have reported less cerebral tissue and more cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in individuals with AN relative to healthy controls, although findings are variable and inconsistent due to variations in sample size, age, and disease state (e.g.

How prospective trial registration can prevent selective outcome reporting and salami slicing?

Background: Pre-registration of a clinical trial before the first participant is recruited can help to prevent selective outcome reporting and salami-slicing that can distort the evidence base for an intervention and result in people being offered care or treatment that is not effective. Rates of clinical trial registration in nursing and midwifery are low.

Aim: To use a hypothetical example from midwifery practice to illustrate how selective outcome reporting and salami-slicing can distort the evidence base.

Neurobiology of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Youth with Overweight/Obesity Versus Healthy Weight.

Objective: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) occurs across the weight spectrum, however research addressing the coexistesnce of ARFID with overweight/obesity (OV/OB) is lacking. We aimed to establish co-occurrence of OV/OB and ARFID and to characterize divergent neurobiological features of ARFID by weight.

Method: Youth with full/subthreshold ARFID (12 with healthy weight [HW], 11 with OV/OB) underwent fasting brain fMRI scan while viewing food/non-food images (M age = 16.

Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in multiple sclerosis (MS): "a case report from Ireland with review of literature, clinical pitfalls and future direction".

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is one of the most serious treatment-related complications that is encountered in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). PML is a serious complication of MS treatment which is most commonly related to natalizumab.

Case Presentation: We report clinical course of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in a 40-year-old man who was on treatment for highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with natalizumab (Nz).

Relationship between diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) and musculoskeletal dysfunctions, pain and quality of life: a systematic review.

Background: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) is common during and after pregnancy.

Objectives: To determine the association between: the presence of DRAM and low back pain, lumbo-pelvic pain, incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, abdominal muscle performance or health-related quality of life; and between DRAM width and severity of these outcomes.

Data Sources: Six electronic databases (EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, PUBMED, AMED and PEDro).

Musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among Ethiopian elementary school children.

Background: Ethiopian school children often carry school supplies in heavy school bags and encounter limited school facilities. This stresses their vulnerable musculoskeletal system and may result in experiencing musculoskeletal pain. High prevalence of musculoskeletal pain has been documented, but data on musculoskeletal pain among elementary school children in Ethiopia is lacking.

Human-elephant conflict in western Thailand: Socio-economic drivers and potential mitigation strategies.

Understanding human-wildlife conflict is an important first step in the conservation of highly endangered species that can have adverse effects on human communities, such as elephants. To gain insights into variables that shape attitudes toward elephant conservation in Asia, we surveyed 410 households and 46 plantation owners in seven villages around the Salakpra Wildlife Sanctuary in western Thailand, an area of high human-elephant conflict. We sought to evaluate how past experiences with elephants (positive or negative), as well as socio-economic variables (age, income level, gender, and employment type) affect attitudes toward elephant conservation and coexistence in this area.

Validity and reliability of an activity monitor to quantify arm movements and activity in adults following distal radius fracture.

Purpose: To examine the validity and reliability of an activity monitor to estimate upper limb activity.

Methods: Thirty-two adults after distal radial fracture were recruited. 15 adults performed five upper limb activities during two testing sessions, one week apart to investigate criterion validity against the criterion reference of three-dimensional motion analysis, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability.

The Shoulder Function Index (SFInX): evaluation of its measurement properties in people recovering from a proximal humeral fracture.

Background: Concerns about test administration, reliability estimations, content and internal structure (dimensionality) of available shoulder measures for people with proximal humeral facture led to the development of a new clinician-observed outcome measure: the Shoulder Function Index (SFInX). The SFInX measures shoulder function by judgement of actual ability to perform daily tasks in which the shoulder is involved. Patients and health professionals had input into the instrument development, and Rasch analysis was used to create a unidimensional, interval-level scale.

Measurement methods to assess diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM): A systematic review of their measurement properties and meta-analytic reliability generalisation.

Study Design: Systematic literature review.

Background: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) has been linked with low back pain, abdominal and pelvic dysfunction. Measurement is used to either screen or to monitor DRAM width.

[A woman with unilateral flushing of her face].

A 42-year-old woman had symptoms of unilateral flushing and sweating of her face during exercise. The clinical diagnosis was 'harlequin syndrome'. This condition is caused by a defect of the sympathetic nervous system and is in most cases idiopathic.

The Shoulder Function Index (SFInX): a clinician-observed outcome measure for people with a proximal humeral fracture.

Background: Proximal humeral fractures are amongst the most common fractures. Functional recovery is often slow and many people have ongoing disability during activities of daily life. Unidimensional measurement of activity limitations is required to monitor functional progress during rehabilitation.

Effects of exercise on diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle in the antenatal and postnatal periods: a systematic review.

Background: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) is common during and after pregnancy, and has been related to lumbopelvic instability and pelvic floor weakness. Women with DRAM are commonly referred to physiotherapists for conservative management, but little is known about the effectiveness of such strategies.

Objectives: To determine if non-surgical interventions (such as exercise) prevent or reduce DRAM.

Reliability and validity of shoulder function outcome measures in people with a proximal humeral fracture.

Purpose: Investigate test--retest reliability and validity of five shoulder outcome measures in people during their active rehabilitation after a shoulder fracture.

Method: This prospective longitudinal study assessed shoulder function in 20 people (16 women, mean age 68.1 years) with surgical or conservative management at 6, 12 and 13 weeks post proximal humeral fracture using three patient-reported (Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Oxford Shoulder Score; Subjective Shoulder Value) and two clinician-administered (Constant Score; UCLA Shoulder score) outcome measures.

Physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in people with chronic low back pain: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain (CLBP) (≥12wks).

Design: Randomized controlled trial with evaluations at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Setting: Outpatient physiotherapy department in an academic teaching hospital.

A solid base to build on.

Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust senior matron Mark Hill is responsible for professional standards. The trust is signed up to Nursing Standard's Care campaign and Mr Hill is determined to implement the campaign's aims, and work with patients and staff to improve patients' experience.