Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reinfections in Young Thai Children, 2016-2023.

Although a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is now available for pregnant women and the elderly, RSV remains a significant cause of respiratory illness in children globally. Reinfections by the same or different RSV subgroups in children residing in the tropics are currently under-studied. Therefore, we examined the patterns of RSV infection and reinfection in Thai children aged ≤ 5 years with respiratory symptoms from 2016 to 2023.

Acute Gastroenteritis Associated with Norovirus GII.8[P8], Thailand, 2023.

Acute gastroenteritis associated with human norovirus infection was reported in Phuket, Thailand, in June 2023. We amplified GII.8[P8] from the outbreak stool specimens.

Molecular epidemiology, clinical analysis, and genetic characterization of Zika virus infections in Thailand (2020-2023).

To investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics and evolution of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in Thailand from March 2020 to March 2023. In all, 751 serum samples from hospitalized patients in Bangkok and the surrounding areas were screened for ZIKV using real-time RT-PCR. Demographic data and clinical variables were evaluated.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus genotype B in Thailand.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) has been reported in many countries in Southeast Asia, which expands the original geographic range of China, Korea, and Japan. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two Thai SFTSV strains previously identified in patients with undifferentiated febrile illness in 2020. Phylogenetically, both clustered with SFTSV genotype B strains and were most closely related to those previously reported in central China (≥99.

Norovirus GII.3[P25] in Patients and Produce, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand, 2022.

An increase in acute gastroenteritis occurred in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand, during December 2021‒January 2022. Of the norovirus genotypes we identified in hospitalized patients and produce from local markets, genotype GII.3[P25] accounted for one third.

A G3P[9] rotavirus strain with an unusual genome constellation in a diarrheic cat in Thailand.

Rotavirus infection can cause diarrhea in many animal species. A 2-year-old indoor female Siamese cat with bloody mucoid diarrhea tested positive for rotavirus (RV) group A by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Subsequent conventional RT-PCR amplification of the 11 RV segments and sequencing revealed a G3-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T3-E3-H3 genome constellation.

Molecular surveillance of arboviruses circulation and co-infection during a large chikungunya virus outbreak in Thailand, October 2018 to February 2020.

A large national outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was recently reported in Thailand. While dengue virus (DENV) infection tends to occur year-round with an upsurge in the rainy season, Zika virus (ZIKV) also circulates in the country. The overlap in the distribution of these viruses increased the probability of co-infections during the heightened CHIKV activity.

Human norovirus GII.4 Hong Kong variant shares common ancestry with GII.4 Osaka and emerged in Thailand in 2016.

Human norovirus is a leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis, which affects all age groups and are found globally. Infections are highly contagious and often occur as outbreaks. Periodic emergence of new strains are not uncommon and novel variants are named after the place of first reported nucleotide sequence.

High prevalence of DS-1-like rotavirus infection in Thai adults between 2016 and 2019.

Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in infants and young children but uncommon and usually asymptomatic in adults. In the winter of 2017-2018, a large-scale outbreak of rotavirus in both children and adults was reported in Thailand. The current study focused on the prevalence, genotyping, and molecular characterization of rotavirus infections in Thai adults from July 2016 to December 2019.

Human Norovirus Infection in Dogs, Thailand.

In July 2018, recombinant norovirus GII.Pe-GII.4 Sydney was detected in dogs who had diarrhea in a kennel and in children living on the same premises in Thailand.

Recombinant GII.Pe-GII.4 Norovirus, Thailand, 2017-2018.

During June 2017-December 2018, norovirus was responsible for 10.9% of acute gastroenteritis cases in Thailand. Genogroup I (GI) was found in 14% of samples, of which 12 were co-infected with genogroup II (GII).

Prevalence of poliovirus vaccine strains in randomized stool samples from 2010 to 2018: encompassing transition from the trivalent to bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine.

Global eradication of poliovirus (PV) has previously relied on the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). However, in order to eliminate the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, the use of OPV will soon be discontinued. Thailand has introduced inactivated polio vaccine since December 2015 and replaced trivalent with bivalent OPV since April 2016.

Emergence of multiple norovirus strains in Thailand, 2015-2017.

Norovirus is a major cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Infection can be sporadic or result in widespread outbreaks. The surveillance of norovirus samples (n = 1591) obtained from patients with diarrhea in Thailand from January 2015 to February 2017 suggested that the predominance of norovirus GII.

Detection and molecular characterization of porcine kobuvirus in piglets in 2009-2013 in northern Thailand.

A total of 636 fecal samples collected from piglets with and without diarrhea during 2009 to 2013 were tested for porcine kobuvirus by RT-PCR. From a total of 528 fecal samples collected from piglets with diarrhea and 108 from healthy controls, 505 (95.6%) and 104 (96.

Analysis of complete genome sequences of G9P[19] rotavirus strains from human and piglet with diarrhea provides evidence for whole-genome interspecies transmission of nonreassorted porcine rotavirus.

Whole genomes of G9P[19] human (RVA/Human-wt/THA/CMH-S070-13/2013/G9P[19]) and porcine (RVA/Pig-wt/THA/CMP-015-12/2012/G9P[19]) rotaviruses concurrently detected in the same geographical area in northern Thailand were sequenced and analyzed for their genetic relationships using bioinformatic tools. The complete genome sequence of human rotavirus RVA/Human-wt/THA/CMH-S070-13/2013/G9P[19] was most closely related to those of porcine rotavirus RVA/Pig-wt/THA/CMP-015-12/2012/G9P[19] and to those of porcine-like human and porcine rotaviruses reference strains than to those of human rotavirus reference strains. The genotype constellation of G9P[19] detected in human and piglet were identical and displayed as the G9-P[19]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 genotypes with the nucleotide sequence identities of VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, and NSP5 at 99.

Detection and characterization of Aichi virus 1 in pediatric patients with diarrhea in Thailand.

Kobuvirus is a newly discovered virus that belongs to the Kobuvirus genus in Picornaviridae family, which comprised of three species including Aichivirus A, Aichivirus B, and Aichivirus C. The kobuvirus isolated from human has been classified as Aichi virus 1 and belongs to Aichivirus A species. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiology and to perform molecular characterization of Aichi virus 1 in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Great genetic diversity of rotaviruses detected in piglets with diarrhea in Thailand.

A total of 491 fecal specimens collected from diarrheic piglets in Thailand from January 2011 to March 2014 were screened for group A rotavirus by RT-PCR assay. The G and P genotypes of the detected rotaviruses were determined by multiplex PCR or nucleotide sequencing. Group A rotaviruses were detected in 113 out of 491 (23.

Detection and characterization of a novel human parechovirus genotype in Thailand.

Human parechoviruses (HPeV), member in the family Picornaviridae, cause respiratory symptoms primarily in infants and young children. Currently, 16 genotypes have been described based on phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences, all of which have a global distribution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPeV in Thailand.

SAffold viruses in pediatric patients with diarrhea in Thailand.

Saffold virus (SAFV) is a newly discovered human virus which is classified into the genus Cardiovirus of the family Picornaviridae. A total of 608 fecal specimens collected during January 2012 to December 2013 from children with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand were investigated for SAFV by RT-nested PCR and sequence analysis. Of these, nine out of 608 (1.