3D fluorescence imaging through scattering medium using transport of intensity equation and iterative phase retrieval.

In this paper, we have proposed a method of three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence imaging through a scattering medium. The proposed method combines the numerical digital phase conjugation propagation after measurement of the complex amplitude distribution of scattered light waves by the transport of intensity equation (TIE) with followed iterative phase retrieval to achieve 3D fluorescence imaging through a scattering medium. In the experiment, we present the quantitative evaluation of the depth position of fluorescent beads.

Central wavelength estimation in spectral imaging behind a diffuser via deep learning.

Multispectral imaging through scattering media is an important practical issue in the field of sensing. The light from a scattering medium is expected to carry information about the spectral properties of the medium, as well as geometrical information. Because spatial and spectral information of the object is encoded in speckle images, the information about the structure and spectrum of the object behind the scattering medium can be estimated from those images.

Effects of inhalation of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mice.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a kind of nanomaterial, are widely used in battery electrodes and composite materials, but the adverse effects associated with their accumulation in the living body have not been sufficiently investigated. MWCNTs are a fibrous material with molecules similar to asbestos fibers, and there are concerns about its effects on the respiratory system. In this study, we conducted a risk assessment by exposing mice using a previously developed nanomaterial inhalation exposure method.

Investigation of image plane for image reconstruction of objects through diffusers via deep learning.

Significance: The imaging of objects hidden in light-scattering media is a vital practical task in a wide range of applications, including biological imaging. Deep-learning-based methods have been used to reconstruct images behind scattering media under complex scattering conditions, but improvements in the quality of the reconstructed images are required.

Aim: To investigate the effect of image plane on the accuracy of reconstructed images.

VMAT Planning With Xe-CT Functional Images Enables Radiotherapy Planning With Consideration of Lung Function.

Background/aim: The most severe adverse event of radiotherapy in lung cancer is radiation pneumonitis (RP). Some indices commonly used to prevent RP are evaluated based on the anatomical lung volume. The irradiation dose may be more accurately assessed by using functional lung volume.

Long-term effect of immobilization in external rotation after first-time shoulder dislocation: an average 18-year follow-up.

Background: Immobilization in external rotation (ER) after a first-time shoulder dislocation was introduced to reduce the risk of recurrence compared with immobilization in internal rotation (IR), but its efficacy remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effect of immobilization in ER after a first-time shoulder dislocation.

Methods: Between October 2000 and March 2004, 198 patients with a first-time anterior dislocation of the shoulder (average age 37) were randomly assigned to immobilization in ER (ER group = 104 shoulders) or IR (IR group = 94 shoulders) for 3 weeks.

Nitric oxide delivery using nitric oxide-containing fluid in continuous hemofiltration: an in vitro study.

Administering nitrite has therapeutic effects on ischemic conditions wherein the enzymatic production of nitric oxide depends on oxygen. We developed a supplemental fluid containing nitric oxide (NO) and determined the clearance and supply between the pre- and post-dilution modes of continuous hemofiltration in vitro. Nitric oxide gas, 1000 mL or 2000 mL, at a concentration of 1000 ppm, was injected into 2020 mL of conventional supplemental fluid (experimental solution).

Chiroptical property enhancement of chiral Eu(III) complex upon association with DNA-CTMA.

DNA-based materials have attracted much attention due to their unique photo-functional properties and potential applications in various fields such as luminescent and biological systems, nanodevices, etc. In this study, the photophysical properties of a chiral Eu(III) complex, namely (Eu(D-facam)), within DNA films were extensively investigated. The enhancement of photoluminescence (more than 25-folds increase of luminescence quantum yield) and degree of circularly polarization in luminescence (g = - 0.

Data on producing an infusion fluid that contains nitric oxide.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, inhalation of NO is used as a therapeutic option. It has been proposed that nitrite (NO ) is a constitute intravascular storage and delivery source of NO, a potent cardioprotective-signaling molecule.

Diruthenium complexes having a partially hydrogenated bipyridine ligand: plausible mechanism for the dehydrogenative coupling of pyridines at a diruthenium site.

The reactions of the diruthenium tetrahydrido complex, Cp*Ru(μ-H)4RuCp* (1) (Cp* = η5-C5Me5), with pyridines were investigated in relation to the dehydrogenative coupling of 4-substituted pyridines. Complex 1 reacted with γ-picoline to yield the bis(μ-pyridyl) complex, {Cp*Ru(μ-H)(μ-4-MeC5H3)}2 (2a), with the elimination of dihydrogen. Complex 2a immediately reacted with the liberated dihydrogen to yield μ-η2-dihydrobipyridine (dhbpy) complex 4avia C-C bond formation between the two pyridyl groups, in which one of the pyridine rings underwent partial hydrogenation.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome with a Novel Missense Mutation in COL3A1: A Man in His 50s with Aortic Dissection after Interventional Treatment for Hemothorax as the First Manifestation.

Type III collagen is the major protein in the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs; it is decreased in patients with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). A 52-year-old man was admitted for severe back pain, and right hemothorax was suspected by chest computed tomography. Immediately after embolization for bleeding bronchial artery, aortic dissection occurred and was treated conservatively in the intensive-care unit.

Effect of inactivated as non-pathogenic particles on the severity of pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice.

The severity of pneumonia in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is strongly related to host immune response and external factors such as bacteria and environmental chemicals. We investigated the effect of inactivated (ISP) as non-pathogenic particles on the severity of pneumonia in RSV-infected mice. Mice were intranasally exposed to ISP before RSV infection.

Mobile-phone-based Rheinberg microscope with a light-emitting diode array.

Mobile phone technology has led to implementation of portable and inexpensive microscopes. Light-emitting diode (LED) array microscopes support various multicontrast imaging by flexible illumination patterns of the LED array that can be achieved without changing the optical components of the microscope. Here, we demonstrate a mobile-phone-based LED array microscope to realize multimodal imaging with bright-field, dark-field, differential phase-contrast, and Rheinberg illuminations using as few as 37 LED bulbs.

Generation of ventilation/perfusion ratio map in surgical patients by dual-energy CT after xenon inhalation and intravenous contrast media.

Background: While many studies have evaluated the change in lung volume before and after lung resection and correlated this with pulmonary function test results, there is very little evidence on the changes in ventilation perfusion ratio (V/Q) before versus after lung resection. In the present pilot study, we evaluated if V/Q mapping can be constructed using dual energy CT images.

Methods: Thirty-one lung cancer patients planned for pulmonary resection were included in this study.

Perinatal exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a brominated flame retardant, exacerbated the pneumonia in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected offspring mice.

To investigate the effects of perinatal exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a brominated flame retardant, on the immune system, a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection mouse model was utilized. Female mice were exposed to TBBPA mixed with the diet from 10 days after conception to weaning on postnatal day 21. Offspring mice were infected intranasally with A2 strain of RSV.

Breeding of a new potato variety 'Nagasaki Kogane' with high eating quality, high carotenoid content, and resistance to diseases and pests.

'Nagasaki Kogane' is a new potato variety bred from a cross between 'Saikai 35' as a female parent and 'Saikai 33' as a male. 'Saikai 35' is resistant to bacterial wilt, contains the and genes for resistance to the potato cyst nematode (PCN) and potato virus Y (PVY), respectively, and has high carotenoid content, while 'Saikai 33' has large and high-yielding tubers and is resistant to both bacterial wilt and PCN. The carotenoid content of 'Nagasaki Kogane' is higher than that of 'Dejima', a common double cropping variety.

Regenerated volume gratings in PMMA after femtosecond laser writing.

Self-regeneration of volume gratings recorded inside polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) after 70-100 days is demonstrated. First, volume gratings were made inside PMMA by femtosecond laser writing. The diffraction efficiency of the gratings reached the maximum-was regenerated-following an initial slow decrease within the first several days after the fabrication.

Evaluation of pulmonary function using single-breath-hold dual-energy computed tomography with xenon: Results of a preliminary study.

Xenon-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (xenon-enhanced CT) can provide lung ventilation maps that may be useful for assessing structural and functional abnormalities of the lung. Xenon-enhanced CT has been performed using a multiple-breath-hold technique during xenon washout. We recently developed xenon-enhanced CT using a single-breath-hold technique to assess ventilation.

Naringenin interferes with the anti-diabetic actions of pioglitazone via pharmacodynamic interactions.

Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) full agonist and useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid with anti-inflammatory actions, which has been shown to prevent obesity-related diseases and to activate PPARγ. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary naringenin affects the actions of pioglitazone.

Augmentation of T helper type 1 immune response through intestinal immunity in murine cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2.

We previously found that Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2 showed probiotic potential, and its oral administration effectively induced Th1 cytokine production and activated the Th1 immune response associated with intestinal immunity in mice. In this study, to evaluate its potential as a versatile oral adjuvant for treatment of viral infection, we assessed the immunomodulatory activity of 06CC2 on murine cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, in which a major immune defense system is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction based on activation of the Th1 immune response, in relation to its oral efficacy for alleviation of herpetic symptoms. In the HSV-1 infection model, oral administration of 06CC2 (20mg/mouse) twice daily for seven days starting two days before infection was significantly effective in delaying the development of skin lesions in the early phase of infection and reducing virus yields in the brain on day 4 after infection.

Activation of Cellular Immunity in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Mice by the Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves.

Moringa oleifera Lam. is used as a nutritive vegetable and spice. Its ethanol extract has been previously shown to be significantly effective in alleviating herpetic skin lesions in mice.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate pneumonia in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected mice.

To reveal the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles, used in cosmetics and building materials, on the immune response, a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection mouse model was used. BALB/c mice were exposed once intranasally to TiO2 at 0.5mg/kg and infected intranasally with RSV five days later.

Naringenin suppresses macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue in an early phase of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Obese adipose tissue is characterized by increased macrophage infiltration, which results in chronic inflammation in adipose tissue and leads to obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The regulation of macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue is an important strategy for preventing and treating obesity-related diseases. In this study, we report that naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, suppressed macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue induced by short-term (14 days) feeding of a high-fat diet in mice; although naringenin did not show any differences in high-fat diet-induced changes of serum biochemical parameters in this short administration period.

Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation--towards a spatiotemporal-functional analysis of proteins, and the ablation of chromatin, organelle and cell function.

Chromophore-assisted laser or light inactivation (CALI) has been employed as a promising technique to achieve spatiotemporal knockdown or loss-of-function of target molecules in situ. CALI is performed using photosensitizers as generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There are two CALI approaches that use either transgenic tags with chemical photosensitizers, or genetically encoded fluorescent protein fusions.