Deep learning model to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis from haematoxylin/eosin-stained myocardial tissue.

Aims: Amyloid deposition in myocardial tissue is a definitive feature for diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis, though less invasive imaging modalities such as bone tracer cardiac scintigraphy and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have been established as first steps for its diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model to support the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis from haematoxylin/eosin (HE)-stained myocardial tissue.

Methods And Results: This single-centre retrospective observational study enrolled 166 patients who underwent myocardial biopsies between 2008 and 2022, including 76 patients diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis and 90 with other diagnoses.

Cathode Design Based on Nitrogen Redox and Linear Coordination of Cu Center for All-Solid-State Fluoride-Ion Batteries.

All-solid-state fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) have attracted extensive attention as candidates for next-generation energy storage devices; however, promising cathodes with high energy density are still lacking. In this study, CuN is investigated as a cathode material for all-solid-state fluoride-ion batteries, which offers enough anionic vacancies around the 2-fold coordinated Cu center for F intercalation, thereby enabling a multielectron-transferred fluorination process. The contribution of both cationic and anionic redox to charge compensation, in particular, the generation of molecular nitrogen species in highly charged states, has been proved by several synchrotron-radiation-based spectroscopic technologies.

High-power short-duration setting prevents changes of periprocedural thrombotic markers and the onset of silent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: It remains unclear whether the newly adopted high-power, short-duration (HP-SD) setting in ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) impacts periprocedural thrombotic markers or silent stroke (SS) onset.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical impact of HP-SD setting ablation on changes in periprocedural thrombotic markers and the onset of SS.

Methods: We enrolled 101 AF patients: the HP-SD group (n = 67) using 50 W and the conventional ablation group (n = 34) using 30 to 40 W.

Delayed manifestation of severe coronary artery injury/stenosis associated with cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation: a case report.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedures including cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation have proven to be safe and effective therapies for the treatment of many cardiac tachyarrhythmias. The incidence of coronary arterial injury (CAI) associated with RFA including CTI ablation is estimated to occur in <0.1% of patients.

Demographic Features, Diagnoses and Real-World Clinical Management of Uveitis in Japan.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate demographic features, diagnoses of uveitis (intraocular inflammation), and real-world clinical practice in the use of local and systemic therapies for patients with uveitis in Tokyo, Japan.

Methods: Clinical records of 1,174 consecutive new patients (480 males, 694 females) referred to the Kyorin Eye Center, Kyorin University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Mean age at presentation was 52.

A single-center, single-arm, prospective, open-label, and comparative trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability profile of a 90-day oral L-arginine hydrochloride intervention for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Weight loss, a key indicator of malnutrition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, negatively impacts patient prognosis. However, effective nutritional interventions have not been adequately established. Research in ALS model mice has shown that L-arginine can prolong survival; however, no human intervention studies have been conducted.

Metal-Ligand Cooperation in Dihydrogen Activation by a Cationic Metallogermylene: Enhanced Activity from Tungsten to Molybdenum.

Dihydrogen activation by metallogermylenes was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A neutral NHC-coordinated chlorometallogermylene was synthesized and converted to a cationic base-free metallogermylene of molybdenum via chloride abstraction. The cationic molybdogermylene showed enhanced reactivity toward H compared to the tungsten analog.

RTify: Aligning Deep Neural Networks with Human Behavioral Decisions.

Current neural network models of primate vision focus on replicating overall levels of behavioral accuracy, often neglecting perceptual decisions' rich, dynamic nature. Here, we introduce a novel computational framework to model the dynamics of human behavioral choices by learning to align the temporal dynamics of a recurrent neural network (RNN) to human reaction times (RTs). We describe an approximation that allows us to constrain the number of time steps an RNN takes to solve a task with human RTs.

Mini-open periacetabular cementoplasty for periacetabular bone metastasis: a report of two cases.

Bone metastasis in the periacetabular region usually causes severe pain and functional disability. Some surgical procedures, such as the Harrington surgery and percutaneous cementoplasty, have been reported as treatment options for periacetabular bone metastases with limited efficacy. The former is highly invasive, while the latter may not allow the injection of a sufficient amount of cement.

Macrocytic anemia, kidney dysfunction, and mortality in general population: Japan specific health checkup study.

Anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD), which worsen bidirectionally, are associated with mortality in older adults. This study aimed to examine the association between CKD and the type of anemia and its impact on mortality in the general population. Data from a nationwide database of 203,280 individuals who participated in the annual "Specific Health Check and Guidance in Japan" evaluation between 2008 and 2011 were used.

Preventive effect of Tyr-Pro, a blood-brain barrier transportable dipeptide, on memory impairment in SAMP8 mice.

In a series of studies on blood-brain barrier transportable peptides, a soybean dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, penetrated the mouse brain parenchyma after oral intake and improved short and long memory impairment in acute Alzheimer's model mice. Here, we aimed to clarify the anti-dementia effects of this peptide administered to SAMP8 mice prior to dementia onset. At the end of the 25-week protocol in 16-week-old SAMP8 mice, Tyr-Pro (10 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the reduced spatial learning ability compared with that in the control and amino acid (Tyr + Pro) groups as indicated by the results of Morris water maze tests conducted for five consecutive days.

Dye amount quantification of Papanicolaou-stained cytological images by multispectral unmixing: spectral analysis of cytoplasmic mucin.

Purpose: The color of Papanicolaou-stained specimens is a crucial feature in cytology diagnosis. However, the quantification of color using digital images is challenging due to the variations in the staining process and characteristics of imaging equipment. The dye amount estimation of stained specimens is helpful for quantitatively interpreting the color based on a physical model.

Prognostic impact of tumor cell nuclear size assessed by artificial intelligence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumor cell nuclear size (NS) indicates malignant potential in breast cancer; however, its clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. Artificial intelligence (AI) can quantitatively evaluate histopathological findings. The aim was to measure NS in ESCC using AI and elucidate its clinical significance.

T50 Calciprotein Crystallization and the Decreased Role of Fetuin-A in Type 2 Diabetes.

Aim: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are prone to develop vascular calcification. Fetuin-A protects against vascular calcification but it increases insulin resistance. T50 calciprotein crystallization (also called serum calcification propensity) is a novel marker of calcification stress.

Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through p53 Degradation.

Background: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is still an important medical problem associated with a high mortality rate in cancer survivors. p53 plays a key role in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Diacylglycerol kinase ζ (Dgkζ), a 130-kDa enzyme abundant in cardiomyocytes, regulates the p53 protein expression level in neurons.

Effectiveness of the repeated 3-time-balloon-inflation method in reducing coronary stent edge dissection.

The optimal procedural protocol for coronary stent deployment remains undetermined. Post-dilation with a high-pressure balloon is often performed to optimize the stent expansion. However, high-pressure dilation also carries the potential risk of coronary artery injury.

Early initiation of intravenous cyclophosphamide and one-year outcome in super-refractory cryptogenic-new onset refractory status epilepticus.

To explore the potential efficacy of early initiation of intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCPA), we reviewed consecutive four cases of super-refractory cryptogenic-new onset refractory status epilepticus (C-NORSE) between 2015 and 2023. We compared functional outcomes at 3 months and 1 year after the onset between patients who received IVCPA within 20 days (early-treated) and those who received it later (late-treated). All patients (median age: 43 years) had a prodromal fever.

Moral Intuition Regarding the Possibility of Conscious Human Brain Organoids: An Experimental Ethics Study.

The moral status of human brain organoids (HBOs) has been debated in view of the future possibility that they may acquire phenomenal consciousness. This study empirically investigates the moral sensitivity in people's intuitive judgments about actions toward conscious HBOs. The results showed that the presence/absence of pain experience in HBOs affected the judgment about the moral permissibility of actions such as creating and destroying the HBOs; however, the presence/absence of visual experience in HBOs also affected the judgment.

Dissociated rhythms between donor and recipient hearts after heart transplantation using the modified bicaval technique.

Unlabelled: The modified bicaval anastomosis technique is an orthotopic heart transplantation technique that preserves the posterior wall of the right atrium as a bridging tissue, creating a dual structure of the recipient and donor hearts between the superior and inferior venae cavae. In this report, we present a case with unique electrophysiological findings following heart transplantation using this technique. The patient, who had persistent atrial fibrillation before the procedure, achieved a maintained sinus rhythm afterward.

Formation of Nonspherical Cellulose Acetate Microparticles under Microflow.

Nonspherical particles have gained significant interest owing to their unique shapes and large specific surface areas, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, such as drug delivery, catalysis, and adsorption. However, conventional methods for preparing nonspherical particles face certain limitations. In this study, we propose a simple method for fabricating nonspherical cellulose acetate (CA) microparticles using a microfluidic device in which droplets undergo rapid diffusion in a continuous aqueous phase.

Reduced number of alveoli after birth in rats exposed to iron in utero.

Background: Clinical studies have shown that diffuse chorioamniotic hemosiderosis (DCH) is a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the details of the underlying mechanism are unknown. We focused on iron, one of the blood components that diffuses within the amniotic cavity in DCH.

Low-inflammatory lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine elicits protective immunity against H5N1 influenza virus with reduced adverse reactions.

Messenger RNA vaccines based on lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) are promising vaccine modalities. However, mRNA-LNP vaccines frequently cause adverse reactions such as swelling and fever in humans, partly due to the inflammatory nature of LNP. Modification of the ionizable lipids used in LNPs is one approach to avoid these adverse reactions.