Toward a molecular genetic analysis of spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: characterization of male-sterile mutants generated by single P element mutagenesis.

We describe 83 recessive autosomal male-sterile mutations, generated by single P element mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Each mutation has been localized to a lettered subdivision of the polytene map. Reversion analyses, as well as complementation tests using available chromosomal deficiencies, indicate that the insertions are responsible for the mutant phenotypes.

Role of the eaeA gene in experimental enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infections are a leading cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries. Recently eaeA, a gene necessary for the characteristic intimate attachment of EPEC to epithelial cells in tissue culture, was described. We conducted a randomized, double-blind study to determine the role of the eaeA gene in human EPEC infection.

Safety, immunogenicity, and excretion pattern of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Peruvian adults of high and low socioeconomic levels.

Groups of 122 Peruvian adults of low socioeconomic level (SEL) and 125 of high SEL received a randomly allocated 5 x 10(9)- or 5 x 10(8)-CFU dose of CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine or a placebo. The vaccine was well tolerated. Vibriocidal seroconversions occurred in 78% of high-SEL and 72% of low-SEL subjects who ingested the high dose and in 78 and 49%, respectively, of those who received the low dose.

Domain mapping of tube, a protein essential for dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo.

The tube protein plays an essential role in the signal transduction pathway that establishes dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. Characterization of each of four tube mutants revealed a substitution or insertion in the amino-terminal half of the protein. This portion of the tube protein is also evolutionarily conserved, as demonstrated by isolation and sequencing of the Drosophila virilis tube gene.

Serologic response to Helicobacter pylori among children and teenagers in northern Chile.

The serologic response to Helicobacter pylori was determined in 388 children and teenagers living in Iquique, Chile by using an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum antibody levels, as measured by optical density, correlated strongly with age. Increases in the mean antibody level were seen primarily after age five, with rates of seropositivity increasing to > or = 70% among teenagers.

[Tolerance and immunogenicity of an oral dose of CVD 103-HgR, a live attenuated Vibrio cholerae 01 strain: a double-blind study of Chilean adults].

CVD 103-HgR is an attenuated, AB+, live, recombinant vaccine strain, developed by deletion of the toxA gen in a virulent Vibrio cholerae 01, Inada classical strain (569B). In phase II studies conducted to date, CVD 103-HgR has been well tolerated and immunogenic in volunteers from both industrialized countries and cholera-endemic areas. In this study of safety, immunogenicity and excretion, 81 Chilean adults were randomly allocated to receive, in a double blind fashion, a single oral dose of 5 x 10(9) FU of CVD 103-HgR or placebo, (5 x 10(9) heat-killed E.

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Chile: vegetables may serve as one route of transmission.

Helicobacter pylori infection is very common in Chilean adults, but the age-related prevalence, risk factors for infection, and mode of transmission in Chilean children are unknown. An ELISA was used to test for H. pylori antibodies in 1815 Chileans < 35 years of age.

Multiple blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections in sexually transmitted disease clinic and hospital emergency room patient populations.

The degree of coinfections with blood-borne or sexually transmitted pathogens (HIV-1, HTLV-I/II, HBV, HCV, HDV, and Treponema pallidum) were assessed in individuals attending sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic and patients admitted to a hospital through the emergency room in Baltimore. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunoblots, and card tests were used to screen the sera. Nearly one third of the individuals in both populations were infected with one or more pathogens.

A review of some recent clinical studies with nedocromil sodium.

Clinical trials reported in these proceedings have shown that nedocromil sodium is an effective antiasthmatic agent. Preclinical studies and the results of the worldwide clinical study program have also shown that nedocromil sodium is a very safe drug. Although it is anticipated that a new drug will perform better than placebo, perhaps a more critical assessment of efficacy is how the drug compares with other currently used agents.

Relationship between humoral immune responses and oral temperature during human shigellosis.

The relationship between oral temperature and serum IgA and IgG antibody responses to Shigella sonnei infection was examined in 65 experimentally infected adult volunteers. Although the IgA antibody response appeared to correlate directly with the rise in oral temperature following infection, stepwise regression analysis revealed other associated signs and symptoms as the critical elements underlying this apparent correlation. There was no evidence of a positive correlation between the IgG antibody response and the peak increment in oral temperature after infection.

Beryllium disease screening in the ceramics industry. Blood lymphocyte test performance and exposure-disease relations.

We identified nine new cases of biopsy-confirmed chronic beryllium disease among 505 employees and ex-employees in a company that had manufactured beryllia ceramics from 1958 through 1975. Of tests commonly used in medical surveillance, only a confirmed blood beryllium lymphocyte transformation test had a high positive predictive value for beryllium disease (100%). However, two beryllium disease cases had either a normal or inconsistently abnormal blood test and were identified for diagnostic workup by abnormal chest radiograph.

pelle encodes a protein kinase required to establish dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo.

The pelle gene is required for the nuclear import of dorsal protein that establishes dorsoventral polarity in Drosophila embryos. We report here the genetic mapping and molecular characterization of pelle. DNA sequence analysis revealed that pelle encodes a protein of 501 amino acids, the last 292 of which comprise a protein kinase catalytic domain.

Secondary Vibrio cholerae-specific cellular antibody responses following wild-type homologous challenge in people vaccinated with CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine: changes with time and lack of correlation with protection.

Peripheral blood immunoglobulin A antibody-secreting-cell (ASC) responses are thought to reflect the mucosal immune response to locally presented antigens. We evaluated the ASC response to cholera toxin (CT) and Inaba lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 26 North American volunteers following immunization with a single oral dose of live attenuated Vibrio cholerae O1 vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR and again upon homologous wild-type challenge with V. cholerae classical Inaba 569B.

Anti-CD4 antibodies are associated with HIV-1 seroconversion and may be detectable before anti-HIV-1 antibodies. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

We examined the sera from 14 HIV-1 seroconverters for the presence of autoantibodies against CD4. Anti-CD4 antibodies were detected in the serum of 11 of 13 HIV-1-infected persons at the time of HIV-1 seroconversion. In 6 of 14 persons from whom a serum was obtained prior to HIV-1 seroconversion, anti-CD4 antibodies were found 90 to 540 days before antibodies to HIV-1 were detectable.

An analysis of the quantitative relationship between oral temperature and severity of illness in experimental shigellosis.

The relationship between oral temperature and other parameters of illness was examined in 139 adult volunteers infected experimentally with Shigella sonnei. In subjects developing clinical disease, peak temperature correlated positively with total number of signs and symptoms other than fever (rxy = .71, P < .

Investigation of an occupational cancer cluster using a population-based tumor registry and the National Death Index.

Occupational physicians investigate perceived cancer clusters to alleviate employee concerns and pursue etiologic hypotheses. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of all past and present employees of a metal fabrication plant and a comparison plant after employees recognized five cancer cases in 1987. We ascertained cases of all subjects who were employed at some time in the 8 years before 1987 through the Colorado Central Cancer Registry and determined vital status through the National Death Index.

Safety and immunogenicity in North Americans of a single dose of live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial.

We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a single 5 x 10(8)-CFU dose of live oral recombinant cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in 94 North American adults. The vaccine was well tolerated without associated adverse reactions. Despite minimal fecal excretion of vaccine, 97% of subjects exhibited serum vibriocidal antibody and 72% had antitoxin responses.

A critical appraisal of 98.6 degrees F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich.

Objective: To evaluate critically Carl Wunderlich's axioms on clinical thermometry.

Design: Descriptive analysis of baseline oral temperature data from volunteers participating in Shigella vaccine trials conducted at the University of Maryland Center for Vaccine Development, Baltimore.

Setting: Inpatient clinical research unit.

Plasmids in Salmonella typhi in Lima, Peru, 1987-1988: epidemiology and lack of association with severity of illness or clinical complications.

A prospective study was conducted to better characterize the epidemiology of plasmid-bearing strains of Salmonella typhi in an endemic area of Lima, Peru, and to determine if plasmids were associated with specific manifestations of typhoid fever. Of 228 S. typhi isolated from patients at Cayetano Heredia University Hospital in Lima during 1987-1988, 76 (33%) contained plasmids.

Ordering gene function: the interpretation of epistasis in regulatory hierarchies.

The order of action of genes in a regulatory hierarchy that is governed by a signal can often be determined by the method of epistasis analysis, in which the phenotype of a double mutant is compared with that of single mutants. The epistatic mutation may be in either the upstream or the downstream gene, depending on the nature of the two mutations and the type of regulation. Nevertheless, when the regulatory hierarchy satisfies certain conditions, simple rules allow the position of the epistatic locus in the pathway to be determined without detailed knowledge of the nature of the mutations, the pathway, or the molecular mechanism of regulation.

Serum cytokine profiles in experimental human malaria. Relationship to protection and disease course after challenge.

Serum cytokine profiles were evaluated in immunized and nonimmunized human volunteers after challenge with infectious Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Three volunteers had been immunized with x-irradiated sporozoites and were fully protected from infection. Four nonimmune volunteers all developed symptomatic infection at which time they were treated.

Cytokines in symptomatic asthma airways.

To determine whether cytokines are generated in vivo in subjects with asthma, we have measured cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], interleukin [IL]-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) in the airways of subjects with symptomatic (N = 24) and asymptomatic (N = 9) asthma with immunoassays (GM-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, and IL-4) or bioassays (TNF and IL-6) and the polymerase chain reaction (IL-1 beta and TNF). Significant levels of TNF (578 +/- 917 pg/ml versus 24 +/- 29 pg/ml) (p = 0.01), GM-CSF (24 +/- 41 pg/ml versus less than 8 pg/ml) (p = 0.

Rotavirus-specific breast milk antibody in two populations and possible correlates of interference with rhesus rotavirus vaccine seroconversion.

Milk was collected from 56 New York and 70 Venezuelan mothers participating in Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) pediatric vaccine trials. Plaque reduction neutralization antibody (PRNA) to RRV (VP7:3, VP4:RRV) and human P rotavirus (VP7:3, VP4:P) and epitope-blocking antibody to one RRV VP4 and VP7 epitope were determined. Controlling for postpartum age, more Venezuelan milk samples had detectable RRV and P PRNA, RRV VP4 epitope-blocking antibody (P less than or equal to .