Association Between PD-L1 and Histatin1, 3 Expression in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: The prognosis of advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has remained unimproved for the past decades. Therefore, novel diagnostic markers and treatment options are required. Recently, an inhibitor for immune checkpoint program death ligand-1 (PD-L1), was approved by the FDA, and used in HNSCC patients.