Association of Unhealthy Exercise Patterns with Overweight and Obesity in Kuwaiti Adults.

Background: Our aim was to investigate the frequency of the behaviors that are most often associated with excess weight gain in Kuwaitis and to determine which gender and age groups are at highest risk for each behavior.

Methods: A questionnaire developed to identify barriers to exercise in western populations was modified for use with Kuwaitis and posted online during September through December 2012. Data from 1370 adults 18 to 59 years old with BMIs ranging from 15.

Organoleptic and glycemic properties of chickpea-wheat composite breads.

Prevalence of obesity and type-2-diabetes requires dietary manipulation. It was hypothesized that wheat-legume-composite breads will reduce the spike of blood glucose and increase satiety. Four pan bread samples were prepared: White bread (WB) as standard, Whole-wheat bread (WWB), WWB supplemented with chickpea flour at 25 % (25%ChB) and 35 % (35%ChB) levels.

Relationship between perceived body image and recorded body mass index among Kuwaiti female university students.

The associations between body image and attitudes toward obesity and thinness and their associations with measured body mass index (BMI) among female students of Kuwait University (n = 137) was examined in 2008. The body image perceptions were assessed using nine female silhouettes figures. The difference between current perceived body image (PBI) and ideal body image (IBI) was used as a measure of body image dissatisfaction (BID).

Whey protein sweetened beverages reduce glycemic and appetite responses and food intake in young females.

We hypothesized that whey protein (WP) will reduce the blood glucose spike, increase satiety, and reduce subsequent energy intake. The objective of the current study was to investigate WP-glucose mixed drinks relative to glucose or WP alone on glycemic response, appetite and energy intake (EI). In Experiment 1 sweetened beverages of 300-mL solution were given to 12 normal-weight females once a week after an overnight fast at 50 g or 75 g glucose, 25 g WP or 25 g WP with 50 g glucose.

Trends and risk factors of hyperglycemia and diabetes among Kuwaiti adults: National Nutrition Surveillance Data from 2002 to 2009.

Background: Current prevalence estimates for diabetes in Arabian Gulf countries are some of the world's highest, yet regional trends and contributing factors are poorly documented. The present study was designed to determine temporal changes in the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes and associated factors in Kuwaiti adults.

Methods: Data analysis from the nationally representative cross-sectional Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System.

Low adherence of Kuwaiti adults to fruit and vegetable dietary guidelines.

The study aimed to assess the adherence of Kuwaiti adults to dietary guidelines for daily fruit and vegetable intake. Data were compiled from national cross-sectional studies from 2006 to 2008 including 9350 adults. Demographic data, frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption and anthropometric and lifestyle indicators were collected.

Trends and risk factors of hypercholesterolemia among Kuwaiti adults: National Nutrition Surveillance Data from 1998 to 2009.

Objective: To determine temporal changes in hypercholesterolemia prevalence and associated factors in Kuwaiti adults.

Design: Analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional population survey data from the Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance.

Methods: A total of 15,110 men and 17,701 women, aged 20-69 years, registered for employment or pensions, Hajj Pilgrimage health checkups, or were parents accompanying their children for immunization from 1998 through 2009.

Secular trends and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adults: National Nutrition Surveillance System data from 1998 to 2009.

Objective: To determine trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Kuwaiti adults, and to examine their association with selected sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Design: Analysis of cross-sectional population survey data from the Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System.

Setting: Social and health facilities in Kuwait.

Major dietary patterns, ethnicity, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in rural Hawaii.

Objective: The association of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with the overall dietary pattern and its relation with ethnicity was examined.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with 1257 participants with four ethnicities (Caucasian, Filipino, Native Hawaiian, and Japanese) in the North Kohala region of Hawaii was conducted. Participants 18-95 y of age were surveyed for their ethnic and demographic backgrounds, dietary intakes, and biochemical indexes of glucose intolerance between 1997 and 2000.

Prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance in an ethnically diverse rural community of Hawaii.

Background: We report the prevalence of diabetes in a rural, multiethnic community in Hawaii, of predominantly Asian and Native Hawaiian ancestry, by using 1997 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria applied to a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 1452 men and nonpregnant women who were >18 years of age. Blood was drawn in the fasting and postchallenge states.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, macronutrient intake, and the metabolic syndrome: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.

Objective: This study examines the cross-sectional associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and the metabolic syndrome with adjustment for macronutrient intake from 3-day dietary records.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Subjects/setting: Women and men who had a comprehensive medical examination, including a symptom-limited maximal treadmill exercise test, and completed 3-day dietary records at the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, TX.

Are remnant-like particles independent predictors of coronary heart disease incidence? The Honolulu Heart study.

Background: Remnant-like particles have been proposed as a new risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). This is the first long-term prospective investigation of the relationship between remnant-like particles and a cardiovascular disease outcome in healthy men.

Methods And Results: A cohort of 1156 Japanese-American men aged 60 to 82 from the Honolulu Heart Program was followed for 17 years.

Ethnic differences in the prevalence of overweight among young children in Hawaii.

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of overweight among young children of different ethnic backgrounds and describe the age pattern of overweight in early childhood.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 21,911 children, 12 to 59 months old, participating in the Hawaii Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in 1997-1998. They were grouped in eight ethnic categories.

Mitochondrial DNA decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue of HIV-infected individuals with peripheral lipoatrophy.

Objective: To determine whether the peripheral fat wasting (lipodystrophy), which is seen in association with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) that includes a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), is associated with a decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content or with large mtDNA deletions or insertions.

Design: A four cohort cross-sectional study.

Methods: The mtDNA content of subcutaneous fat tissue from the neck, abdomen and thigh was determined by polymerase chain reaction utilizing the amplification of three different mtDNA fragments.

Fasting hyperinsulinemia and increased waist-to-hip ratios in non-wasting individuals with AIDS.

Objective: To identify metabolic and body composition changes associated with HIV-1 infection in a cross-sectional study of individuals stratified by immunologic status and body mass.

Design: Metabolic abnormalities including glucose intolerance and changes in body morphology have recently been described in HIV-1-infected individuals following therapy with protease inhibitor-containing highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Although this is suggestive of a direct drug effect, the possibility that HIV infection may induce a tendency towards such underlying derangements should be considered.

Estimating energy intake of urban women in Colombia: comparison of diet records and recalls.

As part of a larger study of energy-nutrition, we compared the performance of 24 h diet recalls with estimated diet records kept by trained observers. The subjects were economically disadvantaged women (n = 85) in the city of Cali, Colombia. A 24 h recall and an estimated diet record were collected for each woman at 0 and approximately 3 and 6 months.

Observations on serum uric acid levels and the risk of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Uric acid, an antioxidant found in high concentrations in serum and in the brain, has been hypothesized to protect against oxidative damage and cell death in Parkinson's disease. The authors tested this hypothesis among men participating in a 30-year prospective study known as the Honolulu Heart Program. Serum uric acid was measured in 7,968 men at the baseline examination held from 1965 to 1968.

Case-control study of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and dietary vitamin E intake.

A nested case-control study of 84 incident cases of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) detected by June 30, 1994 and 336 age-matched control subjects, compared previously-documented intake of total dietary vitamin E and of selected vitamin E-containing foods. All study subjects had been followed for 27 to 30 years after diet recording in the 8,006-man Honolulu Heart Study cohort. We determined PD outcomes by periodic cohort re-examination and neurologic testing, private physician reports, examination of O'ahu neurologists' office records, and continual death certificate and hospital discharge diagnosis surveillance.

Variation of the basal metabolic rate and dietary energy intake of Colombian women during 1 y.

Anthropometry, basal and resting metabolic rates (BMR and RMR), and dietary energy intake were measured on five occasions approximately 3 mo apart for 1 y in 21 nonpregnant, non-lactating women 20-42 y of age living under deprived economic conditions in Cali, Colombia. There was a significant increase in body weight (1-1.5 kg) because of increased body fat during the last two rounds of measurement.

Nutrition of the Asian adolescent girl.

A comparison of sex differential mortality rates indicates that women are at increased risk in several countries of Asia, in part due to less access to a variety of services and lower priority for food than their male siblings. Poorer nutritional status becomes apparent during adolescence, with a delay in maturation which may have repercussions for subsequent ability of the biologically immature woman to carry through a normal pregnancy. There is a dearth of information on girls during this vulnerable period of life which is recently being corrected by studies in Nepal, India and the Philippines where the magnitude of dietary risk is being compared with its impact on nutritional status and the sociocultural factors that may be responsible.

The role of anthropometry in the assessment of malnutrition in the hospitalized frail elderly.

Although common among the hospitalized frail elderly, malnutrition is often unrecognized by clinicians, and its identification is fought with difficulty due to inadequate nutritional assessment methods and standards. This study compared the use of percent ideal body weight (%IBW) and anthropometry in the assessment of malnutrition in the hospitalized frail elderly. Approximaty 45% of patients studied had at least two anthropometric measurements below the 5th percentile, a level reflecting severe malnutrition.

Calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone status in young white and black women: association with racial differences in bone mass.

The etiology of the racial disparity in bone mass and fracture rate is unknown. Since the PTH-vitamin D endocrine system is a major regulator of calcium metabolism and bone turnover, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship of radial and lumbar bone density to vitamin D metabolite and PTH concentrations and to calcium intake and excretion in 67 white and 70 black highly comparable, healthy, premenopausal women. Bone density at both radial and lumbar sites was higher in blacks than in whites.

Serum glycoproteins in schistosomiasis.

Serum glycoprotein electrophoretic fractions as well as protein bound hexose and seromucoid levels were measured in 21 male Egyptian patients before and after treatment for schistosomiasis, and in 8 normal controls. Results indicate that alpha1 and gamma-glycoprotein were significantly higher while beta-glycoprotein was lower in bilharzial patients than in controls. Protein-bound hexose and seromucoid levels were also significantly elevated in the patients.