Perinatal Outcomes of Late Preterm Rupture of Membranes with or without Latency Antibiotics.

Objective:  This study aimed to examine whether the addition of latency antibiotics in late preterm rupture of membranes (ROM) decreases neonatal infection and increases latency.

Study Design:  This retrospective two-center study was conducted at Holy Family Hospital (HFH) in Nazareth and Emek Medical Center (EMC) in Afula, on data collected between January 2017 and April 2023. HFH is the smaller institution.

Cannula With Long and Narrow Tubing vs Short Binasal Prongs for Noninvasive Ventilation in Preterm Infants: Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Use of cannulas with long and narrow tubing (CLNT) has gained increasing popularity for applying noninvasive respiratory support for newborn infants thanks to ease of use, perceived patient comfort, and reduced nasal trauma. However, there is concern that this interface delivers reduced and suboptimal support.

Objective: To determine whether CLNT is noninferior to short binasal prongs and masks (SPM) when providing nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in preterm infants.

First report of paracoccidioidomycosis reactivation as a complication of immunosuppressive therapy for acute severe colitis in a caving enthusiast.

Treatment for ulcerative colitis often requires the administration of immunosuppressive therapy. Shortly after rescue therapy with infliximab for acute severe colitis, a patient who was also taking corticosteroids, azathioprine and adalimumab became rapidly unwell with atypical pneumonia, which did not respond to conventional antimicrobials. Re-examining the travel history revealed a prior caving trip to Costa Rica.

The Impact of Routine Evaluation of Gastric Residual Volumes on the Time to Achieve Full Enteral Feeding in Preterm Infants.

Objective: To evaluate the time to full enteral feedings in preterm infants after a practice change from routine evaluation of gastric residual volume before each feeding to selective evaluation of gastric residual volume , and to evaluate the impact of this change on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Study Design: Data were collected on all gavage-fed infants born at ≤34 weeks gestational age (GA) for 2 years before (n = 239) and 2 years after the change (n = 233).

Results: The median GA was 32.

Evaluation and Management of Newborns with Suspected Early-Onset Sepsis: Comparison of Two Approaches and Suggestion for Guidelines.

 Although its incidence is declining with the widespread use of intrapartum antibiotics, early-onset sepsis (EOS) continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Maternal, infant, and peripartum risk factors, as well as infant's laboratory tests, have been used to try and identify asymptomatic newborns at risk. In this study, we reevaluate the management of newborns at risk for EOS by comparing our outcomes using two different approaches.

A randomized pilot study comparing heated humidified high-flow nasal cannulae with NIPPV for RDS.

Objective: To compare the requirement for endotracheal ventilation in preterm infants treated with heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) with those treated with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for the primary treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Study Design: Randomized, controlled, prospective, single-center pilot study. Infants (gestational age [GA] <35 weeks, birth weight [BW] >1,000 g) with RDS were randomly assigned to receive HHHFNC (38 infants) delivered by Vapotherm® device (Precision Flow™ or 2000 i, Vapotherm Inc.