The myositides: the role of imaging in diagnosis and treatment.

The entities encompassing the syndromes collectively known as myopathies and myositis are composed of numerous separate and distinct disorders with a vast spectrum of clinical signs, symptoms, immunopathology, genetic and environmental influences, as well as overall clinical outcome. Classification of the myositides (diseases of skeletal muscle) remains a rather controversial subject due to our lack of complete understanding of this divergent group of disorders. The mainstay of achieving diagnosis of a myopathy has until relatively recently been with a combination of clinical acumen, laboratory assessment, electromyography, and muscle biopsy.

Acquired cavo-varus deformity caused by an accessory calcaneus: a case report and literature review.

We describe an unusual cause of an acquired cavo-varus foot deformity produced by progressive enlargement of an accessory calcaneal ossicle. A 13-year-old boy with constitutional plano-valgus flat feet noted a gradual change in foot shape associated with lateral ankle pain on ambulation following an inversion injury 2 years earlier. CT and MRI scans confirmed a large accessory calcaneal ossicle lying within the sinus tarsi, with associated marrow oedema.

Os peroneum friction syndrome complicated by sesamoid fatigue fracture: a new radiological diagnosis? Case report and literature review.

Injuries to the peroneal tendons are relatively common worldwide but tendon rupture without significant trauma is uncommon. Ankle mechanics can be seriously affected by disruption of one or both of the peroneal tendons although complete rupture can also remain asymptomatic. Accessory ossicles are sesamoid bones and are common findings in routine radiology of the foot and ankle.

Imaging of entrapment and compressive neuropathies.

Although the subject of entrapment and compressive neuropathies is huge, with dedicated textbooks on the subject, this article attempts to provide an up-to-date overview of the role of imaging in the diagnosis of nerve entrapment and compression syndromes. Entrapment and compressive neuropathies are a group of distinct syndromes secondary to physical constriction or irritation affecting peripheral nerves at specific anatomical sites in the body. Most nerve entrapment and compressive syndromes derive from an injury to the neurovascular components in a narrow anatomical passage.

Postural changes of the dural sac in the lumbar spines of asymptomatic individuals using positional stand-up magnetic resonance imaging.

Study Design: Positional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of control subjects.

Objectives: To determine dimensional changes in the lumbar dural sac as a function of posture, and to establish changes between the supine, erect and seated positions.

Summary Of Background Data: Studies using computerized tomography and MRI were done to determine the mechanical effects on the lumbar spinal canal in the different positions.