Non- Staphylococci Cause the Spontaneous Cure or Persistent Infection of Major Bovine Mastitis Pathogens in the Murine Mammary Glands.

The microbial ecology in mastitis involves the interactions between bacteria and the mammary gland environment. Poor mastitis control, for which understanding these microbial relationships is crucial, increases the risk of mastitis and co-infections. The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenesis and bacterial ecology of murine mammary glands following intramammary infection (IMI) with (AU), (SA), and four isolates of selected non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), as well as co-infections of AU or SA with NAS.

Variation in Interleukin-4, -6, and -10 in Mastitis Milk: Associations with Infections, Pathogens, Somatic Cell Counts, and Oxidative Stress.

Poor mastitis control favors intramammary infection (IMI), which always involves CNS. This study aimed to determine the relationships of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in mastitis milk with concurrent infection, bacterial pathogens, SCC, and MDA, an oxidative stress marker. All mastitis quarters from five smallholder dairy farms were sampled aseptically before morning milking and again before afternoon milking for bacteriological identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish ().

This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect between eugenol and 1,8-cineole on anesthesia in female guppy fish (). Experiment I evaluated the concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/L of eugenol and 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L of 1,8-cineole for times of induction and recovery from anesthesia.

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing Cymbopogon citratus essential oil: Enhancing the stability and acaricide efficacy against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

The objectives of this study were to develop a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) to enhance the stability and efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil or lemongrass oil (LEO) against cattle tick larvae and engorged females. The system with the highest oil loading in SEDDS was composed of LEO (23.33%w/w), Tween 80: SGKH 4000 in a 2:1 ratio as surfactant (66.

Effects of Encapsulation of Caesalpinia sappan L. with Cyclodextrins for Bovine Mastitis.

The main components of Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) are brazilin and brazilein, which show high potential in pharmacologic applications. However, these have been drastically limited by the poor water solubility and stability.

Titanium Dioxide Nano-Formulation: Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Wound Healing in Animals.

The use of metal oxide nanoparticles as an alternative antimicrobial agent has gained attention due to the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Understanding its properties and potential benefits can contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable treatments in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to characterize TiO-NP formulations and evaluate their antibacterial and wound healing abilities.

Clinical field trial of parenteral amoxicillin for the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in the upper region of Northern Thailand.

Background And Aim: Mastitis, primarily caused by intramammary bacterial infection, is the most expensive disease in the global dairy industry due to its negative impact on milk composition and manufacturing properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral amoxicillin in the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Northern Thailand.

Materials And Methods: A total of 51 cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis from dairy cooperatives in Lamphun and Chiang Mai provinces, Northern Thailand, were enrolled in this study.

In Vitro Bacterial Competition of , , and against Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Bovine Mastitis Milk.

Intramammary infection (IMI) from the environment and infected quarters can cause co-infection. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) to survive in the same environment as , , and as major pathogens. In total, 15 and 242 CNS strains were used in Experiment I and Experiment II, respectively.

Impact of Storage Conditions and Mold Types on Aflatoxin B Concentration in Corn Residue used as Dairy Feed in Small Holder Dairy Farms, Thailand.

The aims of this study were to determine the impact of storage practice and mold types on mold growth and aflatoxin B (AFB) concentration in corn residue from local seed corn plants, the main roughage source of dairy farms in the northern region in Thailand. A total of 223 samples from 2 types of corn residue - dried and wet - were collected. Mold contamination was determined by spread plate technique, and aflatoxin B (AFB) quantification was performed by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonads Isolated from Freshwater Ornamental Fish in Chiang Mai Province.

Antimicrobials are commonly used to prevent and treat disease in the ornamental fish industry. However, the indiscriminate and comprehensive overuse of unregulated antimicrobials without appropriate diagnostic examination could contribute to the development of antimicrobial-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens. Moreover, human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment are quite common.

Antibacterial Activities of Acetic Acid against Major and Minor Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis in Dairy Cows.

The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of acetic acid against bovine mastitis pathogens compared to lactic acid and lauric and caprylic saturated fatty acids. Eleven mastitis pathogens were isolated from sub-clinical and clinical bovine mastitis cases for the study. An initial screening of their antibacterial activities by agar well diffusion method was performed.

Bactericidal Effect of Clove Oil against Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Human Patients and Slaughtered Pigs.

is a zoonotic pathogen that is currently considered an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR). Increasing antibiotic resistance can lead to the unsuccessful treatment of infection. Recently, many investigations of medicinal plants were conducted for the treatment of infection as a result of the increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Effects of Alpinia galanga oil on anesthesia and stress reduction in Oreochromis niloticus.

Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is one widely cultured fish in Thailand. Handling processes and transportation causes high stress in Nile tilapia. This study explores anesthetic effect and stress reduction of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) on Nile tilapia.

Nanoemulsion: A suitable nanodelivery system of clove oil for anesthetizing Nile tilapia.

Clove oil ethanolic solution (CL-EtOH) have always been used for fish anesthesia. However, ethanol causes major side effect of fish hypersensivity. In this study, clove oil loaded nanoemulsion (CLN) was developed in order to enhance water miscibility of clove oil without using ethanol in the preparations.

Aflatoxin B1 Contamination of Dairy Feeds after Storage in Farm Practice in Tropical Environmen.

　The objective of this study was to determine the contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AF-B1) when keeping various dairy feeds in a farm environment. The study was carried out from March to May 2011 and involved 63 small holder dairy farms belonging to a single dairy cooperative in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. All feed samples used for milking cows including 4 commercial concentrates (CC1 to CC4), by-products from local corn processing factories fermented in plastic bags (SIL), and corn and cob meal or corn dust (CCD).

Investigation of antiaromatase activity using hepatic microsomes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Microsomal aromatase enzymes of humans and rats have been used in antiaromatase assays, but enzyme activity is species-specific. The current study extracted hepatic microsomes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to investigate and compare the antiaromatase activity of chrysin, quercetin, and quercitrin. This activity was evaluated using a dibenzylfluorescein (DBF) assay.

Factors in Dry Period Associated with Intramammary Infection and Subsequent Clinical Mastitis in Early Postpartum Cows.

The objective of this study was to determine cow characteristics and farm management factors during the dry period associated with early postparturient intramammary infection (IMI) and subsequent clinical mastitis (CM). Data were collected three times: before drying off (P1), during the dry period (P2), and 5 to 14 days after calving (P3), using questionnaires and farm investigation. Milk samples were aseptically collected for bacterial identification at P1 and P3.

Enhanced gentamicin loading and release of PLGA and PLHMGA microspheres by varying the formulation parameters.

The purpose of this study was to develop a suitable formulation for gentamicin sulfate (GS) that gives a sustained release of the drug. Therefore this drug was loaded into poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(lactic-co-hydroxymethyl glycolic acid) (PLHMGA) microspheres. The effects of various formulation parameters (ethanol, surfactant, osmotic value of the external phase, polymer type and concentration) on particle characteristics (size, loading and release) were investigated.

Cephalexin microspheres for dairy mastitis: effect of preparation method and surfactant type on physicochemical properties of the microspheres.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preparation method and the type of surfactant on the properties of cephalexin (CPX) microspheres in order to obtain delivery systems suitable for the treatment of dairy mastitis. Microspheres were obtained using various preparation conditions and their physicochemical characteristics such as size, loading efficiency, morphology, and drug crystallinity were investigated. Antibacterial activity of microspheres from the optimum preparation condition was also studied.

Loss of L-ascorbic acid in commercial drinking milk caused by milk processing and storage times.

The goals of this study were to determine L-ascorbic acid concentrations in various milk products, and to evaluate the effect of storage time on L-ascorbic acid in milk. Commercial plain milk samples were obtained from either a raw-food market or a supermarket, in Mae Hia, Mueang District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, during July, 2008. The types of milk were separated based on fat percentages (non fat-0%, low fat-1.

Preparation and characterization of cephalexin loaded PLGA microspheres.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of emulsion type and process parameters on the properties of CPX-loaded PLGA microspheres in order to obtain delivery systems suitable for the treatment of dairy mastitis. The microsphere size was analyzed by photon correlation spectrophotometry. Determination of the drug loading was achieved by HPLC.