Adjuvant proton beam therapy in patients with grade 2 meningiomas.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 meningiomas behave aggressively with a high proclivity toward recurrence despite maximal surgical resection. Our institution, a pioneer of proton therapy, uses exclusively proton beam radiation, and thus, we present a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with WHO grade 2 meningiomas treated with adjuvant proton beam therapy (PBT) at our institution between 2007 and 2019. The effects of adjuvant PBT were evaluated.

Delayed revascularization in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Stroke shares a significant burden of global mortality and disability. A significant decline in the quality of life is attributed to the so-called post-stroke cognitive impairment including mild to severe cognitive alterations, dementia, and functional disability. Currently, only two clinical interventions including pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis are advised for successful revascularization of the occluded vessel.

Stem Cell Therapy in Brain Ischemia: The Role of Mitochondrial Transfer.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important pathological process in the setting of ischemic brain injury. Stem cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer provides an efficient intercellular process to supply additional mitochondria in the ischemic brain tissues. In this review, we summarize the mitochondrial pathology associated with brain ischemia, mechanisms of stem cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer, and in vitro/in vivo experimental findings of mitochondrial transfer from stem cells to ischemic vascular endothelial cells/neurons as potential therapeutic strategy in the management of ischemic brain injury.

SCING-Spinal Cord Injury Neuroprotection with Glyburide: a pilot, open-label, multicentre, prospective evaluation of oral glyburide in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury in the USA.

Introduction: Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a devastating neurological disorder with no pharmacological neuroprotective strategy proven effective to date. Progressive haemorrhagic necrosis (PHN) represents an increasingly well-characterised mechanism of secondary injury after tSCI that negatively impacts neurological outcomes following acute tSCI. Preclinical studies evaluating the use of the Food and Drug Administration-approved sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel blocker glyburide in rodent models have shown reduced secondary microhaemorrhage formation and the absence of capillary fragmentation, the pathological hallmark of PHN.

Surgical Considerations of Intractable Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Surgery of temporal lobe epilepsy is the best opportunity for seizure freedom in medically intractable patients. The surgical approach has evolved to recognize the paramount importance of the mesial temporal structures in the majority of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who have a seizure origin in the mesial temporal structures. For those individuals with medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, a selective amygdalohippocampectomy surgery can be done that provides an excellent opportunity for seizure freedom and limits the resection to temporal lobe structures primarily involved in seizure genesis.

Establishment of a comprehensive epilepsy center in pakistan: initial experiences, results, and reflections.

Background. Developing countries, home to 80% of epilepsy patients, do not have comprehensive epilepsy surgery programs. Considering these needs we set up first epilepsy surgery center in Pakistan.

Delineation of the safe zone in surgery of sylvian insular triangle: morphometric analysis and magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Surgery within the insula carries significant risk of morbidity, particularly hemiparesis, because of the difficulty in detecting the internal capsule boundaries.

Objective: We analyzed the anatomy of the insula and identified landmarks anticipated to facilitate surgery for intrinsic insular lesions.

Methods: Insular region anatomy was studied in 11 cadaveric brains harvested within 72 hours postmortem.

Professor Uchimura, Ammon's horn sclerosis, and the German influence on Japanese neuroscience.

In the early twentieth century, the German laboratories of Spielmeyer and the Vogts proposed competing pathogenetic theories for Ammon's horn sclerosis. Spielmeyer's vascular pathogenesis theory was initially preferred, but the Vogts' Pathoklise theory was later favored. From 1925 to 1927, Uchimura worked in the Spielmeyer's laboratory.

Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomographic imaging for the diagnosis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of intractable epilepsy. The metabolic defect has proven utility in the lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the role of FDG-PET imaging in the localization of a seizure focus within the temporal lobe is uncertain.

Localization of hand sensory function to the pli de passage moyen of Broca.

Object: The goal of this study was to identify a reliable landmark for hand sensory function in the central area.

Methods: Hand sensory activation on positron emission tomography (PET) scans was analyzed in 27 patients. Each PET study was coregistered with the patient's magnetic resonance image and analyzed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cortical surface reconstructions to define anatomicofunctional relationships.