Improvement of platysma prominence with onabotulinumtoxinA: Safety and efficacy results from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Background: Platysma prominence (PP) refers to the undesirable effects that may occur with platysma muscle contraction.

Objective: Evaluate safety and efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA for improving Moderate (Grade 3) to Severe (Grade 4) PP in adults.

Methods: Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive a total dose of onabotulinumtoxinA 26, 31, or 36 U or placebo on Day 1 and monitored for 120 days.

Bimatoprost promotes satiety and attenuates body weight gain in rats fed standard or obesity-promoting diets.

Bimatoprost is a synthetic prostamide F analog that down-regulates adipogenesis in vitro. This effect has been attributed to participation in a negative feedback loop that regulates anandamide-induced adipogenesis. A follow-on investigation has now been conducted into the broader metabolic effects of bimatoprost using rats under both normal state and obesity-inducing conditions.

Ocular pharmacokinetics and tolerability of bimatoprost ophthalmic solutions administered once or twice daily in rabbits, and clinical dosing implications.

Purpose: Fixed-combination medications can benefit patients requiring multiple agents to lower their intraocular pressure (IOP), but combining agents with complementary mechanisms of action is challenging if their dosing frequency differs. This study compares in vivo pharmacokinetic and ocular tolerability of bimatoprost 0.01% ophthalmic solutions dosed once or twice daily.

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Once-Daily Dapsone Gel, 7.5% in Patients With Moderate Acne Vulgaris.

Background: Reducing the dosing frequency of topical acne treatments to once daily may improve adherence.

Objective: Evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of 3 formulations of once-daily dapsone gel, 7.5% and of twice-daily dapsone gel, 5% over 28 days in patients with moderate acne vulgaris.

Multiple Natural and Experimental Inflammatory Rabbit Lacrimal Gland Phenotypes.

Purpose: To investigate lacrimal gland (LG) immunophysiological and immune-mediated inflammatory process (IMIP) phenotype diversity.

Methods: Ex vivo matured dendritic cells (mDC) were loaded with acinar cell microparticles (M). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were activated in mixed cell reactions with mDC and injected directly into autologous, unilateral LG (1°ATD-LG) of two rabbit cohorts, one naïve, one immunized with a LG lysate membrane fraction (P).

Effect of concomitant administration of trospium chloride extended release on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of metformin in healthy adults.

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is often associated with a number of co-morbid medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus. This may necessitate several concomitant treatments, thus creating the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Trospium is renally eliminated, not metabolized via cytochrome P450; therefore, cytochrome P450 DDIs are unlikely.

Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of axitinib in healthy volunteers.

Objective: Axitinib (AG-013736), an oral, potent, and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, is metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A with minor contributions from CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and glucuronidation. Co-administration with CYP inhibitors may increase systemic exposure to axitinib and alter its safety profile. This study evaluated changes in axitinib plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and assessed safety and tolerability in healthy subjects, following axitinib co-administration with the potent CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole.

Mitochondrial disease activates transcripts of the unfolded protein response and cell cycle and inhibits vesicular secretion and oligodendrocyte-specific transcripts.

Mutations in gene products expressed in the mitochondrion cause a nuclear transcriptional response that leads to neurological disease. To examine the extent to which the transcriptional profile was shared among 5 mitochondrial diseases (LHON, FRDA, MELAS, KSS, and NARP), we microarrayed mutant and control groups in N-tera2, SH-SY5Y, lymphoblasts, fibroblasts, myoblasts, muscle, and osteosarcoma cybrids. Many more transcripts were observed to be significantly altered and shared among these 5 mitochondrial diseases and cell types than expected on the basis of random chance, and these genes are significantly clustered with respect to biochemical pathways.