Mobile Technology Use by People Experiencing Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue: Survey Methodology.

Background: Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It has a profound impact on all spheres of life, for people with MS and their relatives. It is one of the key precipitants of early retirement.

Is there a relationship between impaired median nerve excursion and carpal tunnel syndrome? A systematic review.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Introduction: It is accepted that the etiology of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is multifactorial. One of the most commonly accepted etiologic factors for CTS is compromise of the kinematic behavior and excursion of the median nerve.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction: implications for chronic inflammatory conditions of the bowel.

The intestinal epithelium of adult humans acts as a differentially permeable barrier that separates the potentially harmful contents of the lumen from the underlying tissues. Any dysfunction of this boundary layer that disturbs the homeostatic equilibrium between the internal and external environments may initiate and sustain a biochemical cascade that results in inflammation of the intestine. Key to such dysfunction are genetic, microbial and other environmental factors that, singularly or in combination, result in chronic inflammation that is symptomatic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Are intact peptides absorbed from the healthy gut in the adult human?

For over 100 years it was believed that dietary protein must be completely hydrolysed before its constituent amino acids could be absorbed via specific amino acid transport systems. It is now known that the uptake of di- and tripeptides into the enterocyte is considerable, being transported across the intestinal endothelium by the PepT1 H+/peptide co-transporter. There is also evidence that some di- and tripeptides may survive cytosolic hydrolysis and be transported intact across the basolateral membrane.

Analysis of an ethanol precipitate from ileal digesta: evaluation of a method to determine mucin.

The precipitation of mucin using high concentrations of ethanol has been used by many researchers while others have questioned the validity of the technique. In this study, analysis of an ethanol precipitate, from the soluble fraction of ileal digesta from pigs was undertaken using molecular weight profiling and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The precipitate contained 201 mg·g⁻¹ protein, 87% of which had a molecular weight >20 KDa.

Endogenous proteins in terminal ileal digesta of adult subjects fed a casein-based diet.

Background: Although there are several published estimates of the endogenous amino acid composition of ileal digesta in humans, to our knowledge, there are no systematic studies of ileal digesta endogenous proteins.

Objectives: We determined the nature and composition of endogenous nitrogen-containing substances lost from the upper digestive tract of humans.

Design: Digesta were collected from the terminal ileum for a period of 8 h by using a nasoileal tube in 6 adult subjects fed a single meal that contained 22% of casein as the only source of nitrogen.

Methods for mucin analysis: a comparative study.

The aim was to compare five techniques commonly used to quantify mucin concentrations in ileal digesta collected from three growing pigs that had been fed a diet in which the sole protein was casein. Ileal mucin output was estimated by the periodic acid-Schiff, ethanol precipitation, and phenol-sulfuric acid methods as 25.1, 19.

Endogenous components of digesta protein from the terminal ileum of pigs fed a casein-based diet.

To gain a clearer understanding of the nature and composition of endogenous nitrogen containing substances lost from the upper mammalian digestive tract, digesta were collected from the terminal ileum of six growing pigs that had been fed a casein-based diet with titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. Total nitrogen lost at the terminal ileum was in excess of 63 mg.g(-1) digesta dry matter.

Food-derived bioactive peptides influence gut function.

Bioactive peptides either present in foods or released from food proteins during digestion have a wide range of physiological effects, including on gut function. Many of the bioactive peptides characterized to date that influence gut motility, secretion, and absorption are opioid agonists or antagonists. The authors review a body of experimental evidence that demonstrates an effect of peptides from food proteins on endogenous (nondietary) protein flow at the terminal ileum of simple-stomached mammals, including adult humans.