The case for an HIV cure and how to get there.

In light of the increasing global burden of new HIV infections, growing financial requirements, and shifting funding landscape, the global health community must accelerate the development and delivery of an HIV cure to complement existing prevention modalities. An effective curative intervention could prevent new infections, overcome the limitations of antiretroviral treatment, combat stigma and discrimination, and provide a sustainable financial solution for pandemic control. We propose steps to plan for an HIV cure now, including defining a target product profile and establishing the HIV Cure Africa Acceleration Partnership (HCAAP), a multidisciplinary public-private partnership that will catalyse and promote HIV cure research through diverse stakeholder engagement.

Multi-stimulus linear negative expansion of a breathing M(OCR)-node MOF.

The metal-organic framework (MeNH)[Cd(NOBDC)] (SHF-81) comprises flattened tetrahedral Cd(OCR) nodes, in which Cd(ii) centres are linked via NOBDC ligands (2-nitrobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) to give a doubly interpenetrated anionic network, with charge balanced by two MeNH cations per Cd centre resident in the pores. The study establishes that this is a twinned α-quartz-type structure (trigonal, space group P321, x = 1 or 2), although very close to the higher symmetry β-quartz arrangement (hexagonal, P622, x = 2 or 4) in its as-synthesised solvated form [Cd(NOBDC)]·2DMF·0.5HO (SHF-81-DMF).

Crystallizing Atomic Xenon in a Flexible MOF to Probe and Understand Its Temperature-Dependent Breathing Behavior and Unusual Gas Adsorption Phenomenon.

Flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold great promise as smart materials for specific applications such as gas separation. These materials undergo interesting structural changes in response to guest molecules, which is often associated with unique adsorption behavior not possible for rigid MOFs. Understanding the dynamic behavior of flexible MOFs is crucial yet challenging as it involves weak host-guest interactions and subtle structural transformation not only at the atomic/molecular level but also in a nonsteady state.

Successful Induction Treatment With Rituximab of Isolated Pauci-Immune Pulmonary Capillaritis Presenting as Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in a Pediatric Patient.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage often presents as dyspnea, cough, or hemoptysis, and it is mediated by both immune and nonimmune processes. Isolated pauci-immune capillaritis (IPPC) is a rare diagnosis in which capillaritis, small-vessel vasculitis of the lung, is found on biopsy in the absence of an underlying systemic disorder. Traditionally, IPPC has been treated similarly to anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis with cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids.

The requirement for cobalt in vitamin B: A paradigm for protein metalation.

Vitamin B, cobalamin, is a cobalt-containing ring-contracted modified tetrapyrrole that represents one of the most complex small molecules made by nature. In prokaryotes it is utilised as a cofactor, coenzyme, light sensor and gene regulator yet has a restricted role in assisting only two enzymes within specific eukaryotes including mammals. This deployment disparity is reflected in another unique attribute of vitamin B in that its biosynthesis is limited to only certain prokaryotes, with synthesisers pivotal in establishing mutualistic microbial communities.

Clinical Nutrition Research and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the ASPEN COVID-19 Task Force on Nutrition Research.

The purpose of this scoping review by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Nutrition Task Force was to examine nutrition research applicable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid pace of emerging scientific information has prompted this activity to discover research/knowledge gaps. This methodology adhered with recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Reprocessing N95s with hydrogen peroxide vaporization: A robust system from collection to dispensing.

The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has created extreme shortages of N95 mask necessitating the need for rapid development of reuse and reprocessing plans. Our aim was to create a process to recapture, reprocess, and redistribute N95 masks using hydrogen peroxide vapor as a real time disinfection method within a large hospital system. We were able to recapture and reprocess 29, 706 N95 masks using hydrogen peroxide vapor with approximately 25% loss due to damage.

Superior Gluteal Artery Bleed After Cephalomedullary Nail Fixation.

Hip fracture is a common orthopedic condition that leads to many hospitalizations each year. Intertrochanteric femur fractures are commonly treated with cephalomedullary nail fixation. Superior gluteal artery bleed is a rare complication of cephalomedullary nail fixation, especially when the trochanteric approach is used.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Late Acute Antibody-mediated Rejection in Pediatric Liver Transplantation.

Background: An early and accurate diagnosis of liver antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) followed by timely intervention is important for clinical management but remains challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of late acute AMR in pediatric liver transplantation recipients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 739 ABO-identical/compatible allograft liver biopsies from 199 pediatric transplantation recipients.

International consensus definitions of clinical trial outcomes for kidney failure: 2020.

Kidney failure is an important outcome for patients, clinicians, researchers, healthcare systems, payers, and regulators. However, no harmonized international consensus definitions of kidney failure and key surrogates of progression to kidney failure exist specifically for clinical trials. The International Society of Nephrology convened an international multi-stakeholder meeting to develop consensus on this topic.

Phox2b Immunohistochemical Staining in Detecting Enteric Neural Crest Cells in Hirschsprung Disease.

Background: It can be challenging to recognize undifferentiated/immature ganglion cells, especially single forms. Ganglion cells and glia are derived from enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs), a group of autonomic nervous system (ANS)-lineage neural crest progenitors that regulates. Phox2b is an excellent marker for neoplastic and non-neoplastic ANS cells (eg, peripheral neuroblastic tumors [pNTs]).

Description of a new species of cryptic snubnose darter (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) endemic to north-central Mississippi.

Many subclades within the large North American freshwater fish genus (Percidae) show brilliant male nuptial coloration during the spring spawning season. Traditionally, perceived differences in color were often used to diagnose closely related species. More recently, perceived differences in male nuptial color have prompted further investigation of potential biodiversity using genetic tools.

The efficacy of natural selection in producing optimal sex ratio adjustments in a fig wasp species.

Ever since Darwin's discovery of natural selection, we expect traits to evolve to increase organisms' fitness. As a result, we can use optimization models to make predictions of phenotypic variation, even when selection is frequency-dependent. A notable example is the prediction of female-biased sex ratios resulting from local mate competition (LMC) and inbreeding.

Characterizing the nectar microbiome of the non-native tropical milkweed, Asclepias curassavica, in an urban environment.

In increasingly urban landscapes, the loss of native pollen and nectar floral resources is impacting ecologically important pollinators. Increased urbanization has also brought about the rise of urban gardens which introduce new floral resources that may help replace those the pollinators have lost. Recently, studies have shown that the microbial communities of nectar may play an important role in plant-pollinator interactions, but these microbial communities and the floral visitors in urban environments are poorly studied.

Oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, renal impairment, or other comorbidities, and in older patients.

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) often have comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, and a large and growing proportion of the T2D patient population is over 65 years. There are many therapies for the treatment of T2D but not all are suitable for patients with comorbidities. Oral semaglutide is a tablet formulation of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and was recently approved for the treatment of T2D, representing an oral alternative to injectable GLP-1RAs.

The Association Between the Single Leg Hop Test and Lower-Extremity Injuries in Female Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Female college student-athletes (SA) often experience time loss from musculoskeletal injuries to the lower extremities. This can lead to lengthy rehabilitation, expensive medical bills, and declines in health-related quality of life. Identifying at-risk athletes prior to the start of an athletic season may allow coaches or athletic trainers to prescribe an injury prevention program.

Probing the structural and electronic response of Magnus green salt compounds [Pt(NHR)][PtCl] (R = H, CH) to pressure.

Despite possessing the desirable crystal packing and short PtPt stacking distances required for a large piezoresistive response, the conductivity-pressure response of the Magnus green salt [Pt(NH)][PtCl] is extremely sluggish. Through a combination of high-pressure X-ray diffraction and hybrid-DFT solid state calculations this study demonstrates that the poor conductivity-pressure response is due to a low volumetric compression anisotropy, a relatively large ambient pressure band gap and a lack of dispersion in the conduction band. Ligand modification (from NH to NHCH) does not enhance the piezoresistive response, causing even lower anisotropy of the volumetric compression and an unexpected phase transition at above 2 GPa.

Association of Risk Factors with Receiving a Foot Check in People With Diabetes: NHANES 2013-2016.

Aims: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends annual foot examinations for those with diabetes. The factors related to who receives an annual examination is not completely understood. This study aims to identify factors that influence whether individuals with diabtes had their feet checked for sores or irritations.

Large Mesenteric Gaucheroma Responds to Substrate Reduction Therapy: A New Management of Gaucheromas.

Gaucheromas, which are pseudotumors consisting of a cluster of Gaucher cells, are rare complications in Gaucher's disease (GD) and reported in patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Gaucheromas commonly develop in the lymph nodes in the mesenteric and mediastinal regions and can cause serious complications including protein-losing enteropathy. A large mesenteric Gaucheroma showed a significant reduction in size after initiation of substrate reduction therapy (SRT) with eliglustat in an adult patient with GD type 3.

Replacement of the Cobalt Center of Vitamin B by Nickel: Nibalamin and Nibyric Acid Prepared from Metal-Free B Ligands Hydrogenobalamin and Hydrogenobyric Acid.

The (formal) replacement of Co in cobalamin (Cbl) by Ni generates nibalamin (Nibl), a new transition-metal analogue of vitamin B . Described here is Nibl, synthesized by incorporation of a Ni ion into the metal-free B  ligand hydrogenobalamin (Hbl), itself prepared from hydrogenobyric acid (Hby). The related Ni  corrin nibyric acid (Niby) was similarly synthesized from Hby, the metal-free cobyric acid ligand.

Giving patients a voice: a participatory evaluation of patient engagement in Newfoundland and Labrador Health Research.

Background: Efforts to engage patients as partners in health research have grown and thereby the need for feedback and evaluation. In this pilot evaluation study, we aimed to 1) evaluate patient engagement in health research projects in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and 2) learn more about how to best monitor and evaluate patient engagement. This paper presents the results of our participatory evaluation study and the lessons learned.