Endovascular thrombectomy for childhood stroke (Save ChildS Pro): an international, multicentre, prospective registry study.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endovascular thrombectomy is beneficial for treatment of childhood stroke, but the safety and effectiveness of endovascular thrombectomy has not been compared with best medical treatment. We aimed to prospectively analyse functional outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy versus best medical treatment in children with intracranial arterial occlusion stroke.

Methods: In this prospective registry study, 45 centres in 12 countries across Asia and Australia, Europe, North America, and South America reported functional outcomes for children aged between 28 days and 18 years presenting with arterial ischaemic stroke caused by a large-vessel or medium-vessel occlusion who received either endovascular thrombectomy plus best medical practice or best medical treatment alone.

Stroke Prevention and Treatment for Youth with Sickle Cell Anemia: Current Practice and Challenges and Promises for the Future.

Purpose Of Review: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive inherited hemoglobinopathy that results in a high risk of stroke. SCA primarily affects an underserved minority population of children who are frequently not receiving effective, multi-disciplinary, preventative care. This article reviews primary and secondary stroke prevention and treatment for children with SCA for the general adult and pediatric neurologist, who may play an important role in providing critical neurologic evaluation and care to these children.

Exploring the link among injury severity, white matter connectivity and psychosocial outcomes in pediatric TBI: a probabilistic tractography approach.

Aim: We examined associations among injury severity, white matter structural connectivity within functionally defined brain networks and psychosocial/adaptive outcomes in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method: Participants included 58 youths (39 male) with complicated-mild TBI (cmTBI;  = 12, age =  12.6 ± 2.

Neuroimaging and Neurological Outcomes in Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Prediction of outcomes in perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) is challenging. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether infarct characteristics can predict outcomes in PAIS.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using five databases in January 2023.

Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Across the US From 1990 to 2019.

Importance: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the US. Accurate and updated measures of stroke burden are needed to guide public health policies.

Objective: To present burden estimates of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in the US in 2019 and describe trends from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex, and geographic location.

Kidney Transplantation Outcomes From Uncontrolled Donation After Circulatory Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) is a potential additional source of donor kidneys. This study reviewed uDCD kidney transplant outcomes to determine if these are comparable to controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD).

Methods: MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched.

Exome sequencing of 20,979 individuals with epilepsy reveals shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk across disorder subtypes.

Identifying genetic risk factors for highly heterogeneous disorders like epilepsy remains challenging. Here, we present the largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsy to date, with >54,000 human exomes, comprising 20,979 deeply phenotyped patients from multiple genetic ancestry groups with diverse epilepsy subtypes and 33,444 controls, to investigate rare variants that confer disease risk. These analyses implicate seven individual genes, three gene sets, and four copy number variants at exome-wide significance.

Roadmap for the Assessment and Management of Outcomes in Pediatric Stroke.

Neurological morbidity is common after pediatric stroke, with moderate to severe deficits that can significantly impact education and social function. Care and recovery occur in phases distinguished by the time interval after stroke onset. These phases include the hyperacute and acute periods in which the focus is on cerebral reperfusion and prevention of neurological deterioration, followed by the subacute and chronic phases in which the focus is on secondary stroke prevention and mitigation of disability through rehabilitation, adaptation, and reintegration into the community.

Novel Presentation of Hemiplegic Migraine in a Patient With Cockayne Syndrome.

Background: Cockayne syndrome is a rare DNA repair disorder marked by premature aging, poor growth, and intellectual disability. Neurological complications such as seizures, movement disorder, and stroke have been reported. Hemiplegic migraine has not been reported in association with Cockayne syndrome.

Neuroimaging in Pediatric Stroke.

Pediatric stroke is unfortunately not a rare condition. It is associated with severe disability and mortality because of the complexity of potential clinical manifestations, and the resulting delay in seeking care and in diagnosis. Neuroimaging plays an important role in the multidisciplinary response for pediatric stroke patients.

Survey on Untethering of the Spinal Cord and Urological Manifestations among Spina Bifida Patients in Malaysia.

The incidence and severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to spina bifida is poorly understood in Malaysia. Tethering of the spinal cord is a pathological fixation of the cord in the vertebral column that can result in neurogenic bladder dysfunction and other neurological problems. It occurs in patients with spina bifida, and the authors of this study sought to investigate the impact of untethering on the urological manifestations of children with a tethered cord, thereby consolidating a previously known understanding that untethering improves bladder and bowel function.

Self-perception and behavioural outcomes of early acquired brain injury.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) occurs commonly in young children. Despite this, the psychosocial implications of ABI in young children are not established, with little understood about the impacts on self-perception and self-esteem. In this study we investigated self-perception, self-esteem and behaviour of children with early ABI.

Daily Outpatient Physical Therapy for a Toddler With a Neurodegenerative Disease: A Case Report.

Purpose: This case report highlights the potential value of delivering a high-dose physical therapy (PT) intervention for a child with a neurodegenerative disease. We include developmental outcomes for a 23-month-old toddler with biallelic TBCD gene mutations following daily outpatient PT.

Summary Of Key Points: The child had clinical improvements in gross and fine motor, cognition, expressive and receptive language, socioemotional, and adaptive behavior function as determined through Goal Attainment Scaling, Gross Motor Function Measure, and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development following daily PT intervention.

Childhood stroke.

Stroke is an important cause of neurological morbidity in children; most survivors have permanent neurological deficits that affect the remainder of their life. Stroke in childhood, the focus of this Primer, is distinguished from perinatal stroke, defined as stroke before 29 days of age, because of its unique pathogenesis reflecting the maternal-fetal unit. Although approximately 15% of strokes in adults are haemorrhagic, half of incident strokes in children are haemorrhagic and half are ischaemic.

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: With the Children with Hemiparesis Arm and Hand Movement Project (CHAMP) multisite factorial randomized controlled trial, we compared 2 doses and 2 constraint types of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to usual customary treatment (UCT).

Methods: CHAMP randomly assigned 118 2- to 8-year-olds with hemiparetic cerebral palsy to one of 5 treatments with assessments at baseline, end of treatment, and 6 months posttreatment. Primary blinded outcomes were the assisting hand assessment; Peabody Motor Development Scales, Second Edition, Visual Motor Integration; and Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test Dissociated Movement.

Genetic Variation in on 1p36.13 Is Associated with Common Forms of Human Generalized Epilepsy.

We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variation associated with common forms of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (GE) and focal epilepsy (FE). Using a cohort of 2220 patients and 14,448 controls, we searched for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GE, FE and both forms combined. We did not find any SNPs that reached genome-wide statistical significance ( ≤ 5 × 10) when comparing all cases to all controls, and few SNPs of interest comparing FE cases to controls.

Multicenter Research Data of Epilepsy Management in Patients With Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Background: Epilepsy in typical Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is common, and many questions remain regarding the treatment outcomes. We analyzed a large multicenter database with focus on neurological drug treatment in different demographic and SWS characteristic groups.

Methods: A total of 268 patients with brain involvement and a history of seizures were selected from a research data registry generated from a multicenter cross-sectional questionnaire.