Publications by authors named "Warren Davis"

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to assess the differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes between early and routine diagnoses of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  • 3494 women were analyzed based on when they were diagnosed, with early diagnoses considered to be at or before 20 weeks of gestation, and results were measured in terms of large and small for gestational age infants.
  • Findings indicated that early diagnosis and treatment benefits were present mainly for mothers with higher fasting blood glucose levels, showing fewer complications, while early treatment for those with lower fasting levels did not show similar advantages.
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Objective: The impact of a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in patients undergoing cesarean section requires further evaluation. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative pain scores and opioid use in cesarean surgery patients undergoing either a TAP block and scheduled multimodal pain management (SMPM) or SMPM alone.

Methods: In this retrospective, dual cohort study, cesarean surgery patients underwent neuraxial anesthesia and a TAP block (SMPM/TAP) or SMPM; the TAP block incorporated ropivacaine (20-30 mL) administered bilaterally.

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Introduction: The 400 000 residents of the Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD) experienced two distinct lockdowns aimed at mitigating the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Analysing effects of these lockdowns on maternal and neonatal outcomes presents a valuable opportunity to assess the impact of pandemic-level restrictions on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Aim: Evaluate the impacts of restrictions from two lockdown periods on maternal, birthing, and neonatal outcomes within a regional local health district.

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Importance: It is unclear whether breast cancer (BC) with low ERBB2 expression (ERBB2-low) is a distinct clinical, pathological, and epidemiological entity from BC classified as no ERBB2 expression (ERBB2-negative).

Objective: To evaluate the clinical, pathological, and epidemiologic features of BC with ERBB2-low expression compared with ERBB2-negative BC in a large population study.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted as part of the Pathways Study, a prospective, racially and ethnically diverse cohort study of women with BC enrolled between 2006 and 2013 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC).

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Chemogenetic activation of oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (Oxtr neurons) acts as a satiation signal for water. In this research, we investigated the effect of activating Oxtr neurons on satiation for different types of fluids. Chemogenetic activation of Oxtr neurons in male and female transgenic Oxtr mice robustly suppressed the rapid, initial (15-min) intake of several solutions after dehydration: water, sucrose, ethanol and saccharin, but only slightly decreased intake of Ensure®, a highly caloric solution (1 kcal/mL; containing 3.

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Prior research demonstrates an influence of culpability framing on news consumers' perceptions about, and willingness to provide support for, those managing illness. Framing research of this sort has typically focused on the effect of frames on a particular health context (e.g.

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Background: The use of archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues has become a common practice in clinical and epidemiologic genetic research. Simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from FFPE tissues is appealing but can be practically challenging. Here we report our results and lessons learned from processing FFPE breast tumor tissues for a large epidemiologic study.

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Background: Aberrant activation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been linked to obesity and endocrine therapy resistance, factors that may contribute to Black-White disparities in breast cancer outcomes. We evaluated associations of race and clinicopathological characteristics with mRNA expression of key mTOR pathway genes in breast tumors.

Methods: Surgical tumor tissue blocks were collected from 367 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (190 Black and 177 White).

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The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing. One in three women require insulin to achieve glycaemic targets in GDM. However, it is unclear whether insulin therapy alone is the most effective treatment for all women in achieving glycaemic control and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Few germline genetic variants have been robustly linked with breast cancer outcomes. We conducted trans-ethnic meta genome-wide association study (GWAS) of overall survival (OS) in 3973 breast cancer patients from the Pathways Study, one of the largest prospective breast cancer survivor cohorts. A locus spanning the UACA gene, a key regulator of tumor suppressor Par-4, was associated with OS in patients taking Par-4 dependent chemotherapies, including anthracyclines and anti-HER2 therapy, at a genome-wide significance level ([Formula: see text]).

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Background: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway promoted by positive energy imbalance and insulin-like growth factors can be a mechanism by which obesity influences breast cancer risk. We evaluated the associations of body fatness with the risk of breast cancer varied with phosphorylated (p)-mTOR protein expression, an indication of the pathway activation.

Methods: Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer (n = 715; 574 [80%] Black and 141 [20%] White) and non-cancer controls (n = 1983; 1280 [64%] Black and 713 [36%] White) were selected from the Women's Circle of Health Study.

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Article Synopsis
  • Bleeding in early pregnancy is common, affecting about 25% of pregnancies, and often leads women to seek help in the Emergency Department (ED).
  • An integrative literature review analyzed 42 research articles from 2000 onwards to explore the experiences, interventions, and outcomes of these women during ED visits.
  • Findings highlight that many women and their partners face negative experiences in the ED, while some strategies like early pregnancy assessment services can improve outcomes, indicating a need for additional research to tailor better care solutions.
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Lignans are phytochemicals studied extensively as dietary factors in chronic disease etiology. Our goal was to examine associations between the gut microbiota and lignan metabolism and whether these associations differ by ethnicity. We conducted a flaxseed (FS) dietary intervention in 252 healthy, postmenopausal women of African ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EA).

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Background: Blacks tend to have a stronger inflammatory immune response than Whites. We hypothesized that racial differences in host immunity also manifest in the tumor microenvironment, constituting part of a distinct aggressive tumor biology underlying higher mortality in Black women.

Methods: Pathological and gene expression profiling approaches were used for characterizing infiltrating immune cells in breast tumor microenvironment from 1315 patients from the Women's Circle of Health Study.

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Energy imbalance has an important role in breast cancer prognosis. Hyperactive mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is associated with breast tumor growth, but the extent to which body fatness is associated with mTOR pathway activities in breast cancer is unclear. We performed immunostaining for mTOR, phosphorylated (p)-mTOR, p-AKT, and p-p70S6K in tumor tissue from 590 women (464 African Americans/Blacks and 126 Whites) with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer in the Women's Circle of Health Study.

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Background: Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) promotes luminal differentiation, and hypermethylation of the gene can be a mechanism of developing estrogen receptor-negative (ER) breast cancer. We examined FOXA1 in breast tumor and adjacent normal tissue in relation to reproductive factors, particularly higher parity and no breastfeeding, that are associated with ER tumors.

Methods: We performed IHC for FOXA1 in breast tumors ( = 1,329) and adjacent normal tissues ( = 298) in the Women's Circle of Health Study (949 Blacks and 380 Whites).

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Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a rapidly expanding discipline that has proven to be a valuable modality in the hospital setting. Recent evidence has demonstrated the utility of commercially available video conferencing technologies, namely, FaceTime (Apple Inc, Cupertino, CA, USA) and Google Glass (Google Inc, Mountain View, CA, USA), to allow an expert POCUS examiner to remotely guide a novice medical professional. However, few studies have evaluated the ability to use these teleultrasound technologies to guide a nonmedical novice to perform an acute care POCUS examination for cardiac, pulmonary, and abdominal assessments.

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Loss of immunoreactivity in tissue sections has been shown to occur when slide sections are stored at room temperature for prolonged periods of time. We conducted a systematic investigation to determine the extent of staining loss in various storage conditions to determine an optimal storage method. We investigated 6 antibodies that are commonly used for breast cancer subtyping in research studies with immunohistochemistry (ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, and Ki67) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tissue microarrays consisting of 148 patients.

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Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can interfere with daily function and quality of life, and there are no known preventive approaches. In a cohort of breast cancer patients receiving paclitaxel as part of a clinical trial (SWOG 0221), we examined the use of dietary supplements both before diagnosis and during treatment in relation to CIPN.

Methods: At registration to S0221, 1225 breast cancer patients completed questionnaires regarding the use of multivitamins and supplements before and at diagnosis.

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Background: Breast cancer subtype can be classified using standard clinical markers (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)), supplemented with additional markers. However, automated biomarker scoring and classification schemes have not been standardized. The aim of this study was to optimize tumor classification using automated methods in order to describe subtype frequency in the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) consortium.

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Background: To what extent steroid hormones contribute to lung cancer in male and female never smokers and smokers is unclear. We examined expression of hormone receptors in lung tumors by sex and smoking.

Methods: Patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer were recruited into an Intergroup study in the United States and Canada, led by SWOG (S0424).

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The ATP binding cassette transporter ABCA2 is primarily an endolysosomal membrane protein that demonstrates pleiotropic functionalities, coalescing around the maintenance of homeostasis of sterols, sphingolipids and cholesterol. It is most highly expressed in brain tissue and ABCA2 knockout mice express neurological defects consistent with aberrant myelination. Increased expression of the transporter has been linked with resistance to cancer drugs, particularly those possessing a steroid backbone and gene expression (in concert with other genes involved in cholesterol metabolism) was found to be regulated by sterols.

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Objectives: Ki-67 has been proposed to be used as a surrogate marker to differentiate luminal breast carcinomas (BCs). The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of and best approaches for using tissue microarrays (TMAs) and Ki-67 staining to distinguish luminal subtypes in large epidemiology studies of luminal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative BC.

Methods: Full-section and TMA (three 0.

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According to the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial, a selenized yeast supplement containing selenium, 200 mcg/day, decreased the incidence of total cancer, cancers of the prostate, colon and lung, and cancer mortality. The active agent in the selenized yeast supplement was assumed to be selenomethionine (SEMET), although the supplement had not been well speciated. The SELECT study, largely motivated by the NPC trial, enrolling nearly 40 times as many subjects, showed unequivocally that selenium 200 mcg/day, with selenium in the form of SEMET, does not protect selenium-replete men against prostate or other major cancer.

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