A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia.

The population history of Aboriginal Australians remains largely uncharacterized. Here we generate high-coverage genomes for 83 Aboriginal Australians (speakers of Pama-Nyungan languages) and 25 Papuans from the New Guinea Highlands. We find that Papuan and Aboriginal Australian ancestors diversified 25-40 thousand years ago (kya), suggesting pre-Holocene population structure in the ancient continent of Sahul (Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania).

Schizophrenia and genomics: linking research to practice.

New knowledge about genetics and genomics is emerging at a rapid pace. This article discusses how this emerging knowledge related to schizophrenia affects the nursing care of patients with the disorder. Newly defined competencies related to genetics are also addressed.

A functional role for the B56 alpha-subunit of protein phosphatase 2A in ceramide-mediated regulation of Bcl2 phosphorylation status and function.

Recently it has been shown that the potent apoptotic agent ceramide activates a mitochondrial protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and promotes dephosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl2 (Ruvolo, P. P., Deng, X.

Analyst Variation in Doing the Standard Plate Count as Described in Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products .

Five analysts participated in a study to evaluate the following aspects of the 13th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products (SMEDP): (a) analyst variation in overall Standard Plate Counts (SPC), and (b) analyst duplication of bacterial colony counts on agar places. Each analyst prepared 24 samples of pasteurized, homogenized milk during a successive 8-day period (i.e.

Plate Count Accuracy: Analysts and Automatic Colony Counter Versus a True Count .

Colony counts obtained by (a) analysts and (b) an automatic colony counter (ACC) were compared to a true count obtained through use of photographs. Factors which caused counting dificulties with the ACC were identified. When plates were properly screened, ACC counts were as accurate as those obtained manually; therefore, it is recommended that further study of ACCs be conducted so that consideration may be given to their use in the forthcoming edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products.

A Collaborative Study to Determine the Feasibility of Using 0.40-, 0.20-, 0.14-, and 0.10-Inch-Diameter Discs to Measure Sediment in Fluid Milk.

This collaborative study was done to determine whether laboratory personnel could successfully grade raw milk for sediment content using 0.40-, 0.20-, 0.