Risk Factors for Recurrent Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background: While risk factors for recurrent instability (RI) after arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) for anterior glenohumeral instability (aGHI) have been well established in adult populations, there is much less evidence in pediatric and adolescent patients, despite being the most affected epidemiologic subpopulation.

Purpose: To identify the clinical, demographic, radiologic, and operative risk factors for RI after ABR for aGHI in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Attitudes toward physician-provided gun safety counselling among current and prospective gun owners in the USA.

Background: Americans increasingly perceive that homes with guns are safer than those without, and physician counselling about in-home firearm safety and injury risks occurs infrequently, despite encouragement from major medical organisations (eg, American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics). Safety counselling that does occur may be limited to gun owners at high risk of injury; however, given the increasing rates of first-time gun ownership in the USA, understanding attitudes toward firearms and firearm safety messaging among persons who may become firearm owners is needed to inform and support continued injury prevention efforts.

Methods: Survey data from a cross-section of firearm owners (n=396) and non-owners (n=551) collected in February 2023 was used to examine differences in perceptions about the safety of firearm households, openness toward firearm safety counselling and comfort with law enforcement compared with physician firearm safety discussions.

Surgically treated brain metastases of gastric origin: a case series and systematic review.

Background: The incidence of brain metastases from gastric origin is less than 1% in those with primary gastric cancer. Given this exceedingly rare presentation, there is limited literature describing the outcomes of their neurosurgical treatment. We wish to identify the role of surgical intervention for brain lesions in metastatic gastric cancer via institutional case series and systematic review.

Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assay in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome.

Background: Seed amplification assay (SAA) testing has been developed as a biomarker for the diagnosis of α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the rate of α-synuclein SAA positivity in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and to analyze clinical and pathological features of SAA-positive and -negative cases.

Methods: A total of 96 cerebrospinal fluid samples from clinically diagnosed PSP (n = 59) and CBS (n = 37) cases were analyzed using α-synuclein SAA.

Multiparameter phenotyping of platelets and characterization of the effects of agonists using machine learning.

Background: Platelet function is driven by the expression of specialized surface markers. The concept of distinct circulating subpopulations of platelets has emerged in recent years, but their exact nature remains debatable.

Objectives: To design a spectral flow cytometry-based phenotyping workflow to provide a more comprehensive characterization, at a global and individual level, of surface markers in resting and activated healthy platelets, and to apply this workflow to investigate how responses differ according to platelet age.

Genetic, transcriptomic, histological, and biochemical analysis of progressive supranuclear palsy implicates glial activation and novel risk genes.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a rare Parkinsonian disorder, is characterized by problems with movement, balance, and cognition. PSP differs from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases, displaying abnormal microtubule-associated protein tau by both neuronal and glial cell pathologies. Genetic contributors may mediate these differences; however, the genetics of PSP remain underexplored.

Stiff person syndrome.

Stiff Person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by stiffness and spasms in the lumbar and proximal lower limb muscles. Nonmotor symptoms include phobias, anxiety, and depression. SPS exists on a spectrum ranging from a focal disease known as the stiff limb syndrome to progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus.

Intranasal administration of trehalose reduces α-synuclein oligomers and accelerates α-synuclein aggregation.

Abnormal α-synuclein (αSyn), including an oligomeric form of αSyn, accumulates and causes neuronal dysfunction in the brains of patients with multiple system atrophy. Neuroprotective drugs that target abnormal αSyn aggregation have not been developed for the treatment of multiple system atrophy. In addition, treating diseases at an early stage is crucial to halting the progress of neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.

'The Norm Is to Not Openly Collaborate': Using the Lens of Co-Production to Evaluate the Development of a COVID-19 ICU Triage Policy.

Introduction: In 2020, surging cases of COVID-19 meant that health services had to plan for crisis-level triage. In the Australian Capital Territory, the Clinical Health Emergency Coordination Centre sought to develop a triage policy in collaboration with a range of consumer, carer and community groups. This study aims to map the collaborative development of the COVID-19 ICU triage policy onto the principles of co-production.

Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy in Patients With Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 3 Osteoarthritis Shows Clinically Meaningful Improvement in Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) in patients with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 3 on preoperative knee radiographs and a symptomatic meniscal tear.

Methods: This was a retrospective study design using prospectively collected data from a single institution. Patients were included if they had KL grade 3 osteoarthritis on preoperative radiographs of the knee and completed a trial of nonoperative treatment for at least 6 weeks prior to APM.

DNA methylation patterns in the frontal lobe white matter of multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy: a cross-comparative investigation.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss and gliosis, with oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing α-synuclein being the primary pathological hallmark. Clinical presentations of MSA overlap with other parkinsonian disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), posing challenges in early diagnosis. Numerous studies have reported alterations in DNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases, with candidate loci being identified in various parkinsonian disorders including MSA, PD, and PSP.

Fluorogenic Probes of the Mycobacterial Membrane as Reporters of Antibiotic Action.

The genus includes species such as , which can cause deadly human diseases. These bacteria have a protective cell envelope that can be remodeled to facilitate their survival in challenging conditions. Understanding how such conditions affect membrane remodeling can facilitate antibiotic discovery and treatment.

Factors that modulate platelet reactivity as measured by 5 assay platforms in 3429 individuals.

Background: Assessment of platelet function is key in diagnosing bleeding disorders and evaluating antiplatelet drug efficacy. However, there is a prevailing "one-size-fits-all" approach in the interpretation of measures of platelet reactivity, with arbitrary cutoffs often derived from healthy volunteer responses.

Objectives: Our aim was to compare well-used platelet reactivity assays.

Neuropathologic Validation and Diagnostic Accuracy of Presynaptic Dopaminergic Imaging in the Diagnosis of Parkinsonism.

Background And Objectives: Degeneration of the presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is one of the main biological features of Parkinson disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), which can be measured using single-photon emission CT imaging for diagnostic purposes. Despite its widespread use in clinical practice and research, the diagnostic properties of presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAT) imaging in parkinsonism have never been evaluated against the diagnostic gold standard of neuropathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic parameters of DAT imaging compared with pathologic diagnosis in patients with parkinsonism.

Granulocyte- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Reverses Immunosuppression Acutely Following a Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhage Polytrauma in a Juvenile Male Rat Model.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. We have previously shown that TBI with a concurrent extracranial injury reliably leads to post-injury suppression of the innate and adaptive immune systems. In patients with post-injury immune suppression, if immune function could be preserved, this might represent a therapeutic opportunity.

Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay in PSP and CBS.

Background: Seed amplification assay (SAA) testing has become an important biomarker in the diagnosis of alpha-synuclein related neurodegenerative disorders.

Objectives: To assess the rate of alpha-synuclein SAA positivity in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and analyse the clinical and pathological features of SAA positive and negative cases.

Methods: 106 CSF samples from clinically diagnosed PSP (n=59), CBS (n=37) and indeterminate parkinsonism cases (n=10) were analysed using alpha-synuclein SAA.

It takes it out of the textbook: Benefits of and barriers to expert by experience involvement in pre-registration mental health nursing education.

Unlabelled: WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Service user involvement in mental health nursing education is beneficial in terms of attitudinal change to reduce stigma, clinical skill development and enhancing understandings of recovery-oriented practice. Service users as experts by experience have not been embedded within pre-registration nursing programs. Consequently, they remain limited in number, ad hoc and frequently tokenistic.

From a Single Voice to Diversity: Reframing 'Representation' in Patient Engagement.

There has been a growing emphasis on consumer representation in the development of health policy, services, research, and education. Existing literature has critiqued how discourses of representativeness can disempower consumers working in health systems. The context of the current study is consumer engagement in the development of COVID-19 triage policy and practice in a local health service.

Differential LRRK2 Signalling and Gene Expression in WT-LRRK2 and G2019S-LRRK2 Mouse Microglia Treated with Zymosan and MLi2.

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 () gene cause autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), with the most common causative mutation being the p.G2019S within the kinase domain. LRRK2 protein is highly expressed in the human brain and also in the periphery, and high expression of dominant PD genes in immune cells suggests involvement of microglia and macrophages in inflammation related to PD.