Negative pressure pulmonary oedema: a potential hazard of muscle relaxants in awake infants.

We report two cases of healthy infants who were given an IV intubating bolus of a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant (0.1 mg.kg-1 vecuronium) at the beginning of an inhalational induction of anaesthesia.

Type II collagen induced arthritis in mice. V. The role of the spleen cell response in the immune and arthritogenic reaction to type II collagen.

The contribution of the spleen to the arthritogenic and immune response to type II collagen in mice was measured by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Negligible antibody production and proliferative responses to collagen were measured in the spleen from immunized mice, compared to lymph node and peripheral blood. Further, splenectomized mice were found to be susceptible to collagen induced arthritis with a similar disease incidence to sham operated controls.

Negative pressure pulmonary oedema secondary to airway obstruction in an intubated infant.

We report the case of a healthy one-month-old male infant who underwent an uneventful endotracheal anaesthetic for hernia repair. During transport to the recovery room (a less than 30 second trip), the endotracheal tube in the spontaneously breathing infant became obstructed, possibly due to impaction of the tip in the right main bronchus. Restoration of the airway was followed by fulminant pulmonary oedema.

Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in the natriuretic response to central volume expansion induced by head-out water immersion in sodium-retaining cirrhotic subjects.

Purpose: It is possible that abnormalities in atrial natriuretic peptide may be involved in the pathogenesis of sodium retention in edema states. We performed a study in a group of 12 sodium-retaining cirrhotic subjects to determine the role of this peptide in mediating differences in the natriuretic response to central volume expansion induced by head-out water immersion.

Patients And Methods: Each patient was maintained for seven days on a 20-mmol sodium intake, and then studied on both control and immersion days.

Mental imagery and its potential for physical therapy.

The purposes of this article are 1) to review the sports and motor-learning literature regarding the effects of mental imagery and mental practice on physical skills and 2) to explore the feasibility of using them as adjunctive techniques in physical therapy. In the area of sports, evidence exists that mental practice can improve motor skills. Research that supports a mind-body relationship is cited, in addition to research using mental imagery from the areas of medicine, biofeedback, psychoneuroimmunology, and physical therapy.

Myopericarditis as an initial presentation of meningococcemia. Unusual manifestation of infection with serotype W135.

Acute meningococcemia is a dramatic clinical syndrome from infection with the gram-negative diplococcus, Neisseria meningitidis. Although pericarditis may complicate the course of meningococcemia, it is distinctly unusual as a presenting sign. A case of disseminated meningococcemia presenting as acute myopericarditis is reported.

The MMPI, prototypal typology, and borderline personality disorder.

This study demonstrates inherent features in the DSM-III diagnostic criteria for personality disorders (i.e., overlapping diagnoses and heterogeneous symptomatology) that limit efforts to identify a sensitive and specific MMPI profile for the borderline personality disorder.

The development of a short observation method for the study of the activity and contacts of old people in residential settings.

Data from a non-participant, 'event-sampling', direct observation study of 32 elderly persons in residential care were simplified and re-analysed, with the aim of developing a short, practical method of observation for use in research and training in residential care. A single, nominated hour's observation seemed to fit the data satisfactorily. This method, when applied to data from two newly observed contrasting samples, revealed the same important differences as had been found from a whole day's observation.

Prognostic significance of field response in out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation.

We reviewed 94 cases of prehospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) to determine aspects of field response that predicted outcome. Only one of 37 patients (3 percent) failing to achieve rhythms other than VF or asystole after the first two defibrillations survived to hospital discharge compared to nine of 57 (16 percent) achieving organized rhythms by this point (p less than 0.05).

Halothane and children: the first quarter century.

For the past 25 years, halothane has been the primary anesthetic agent at Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. To confirm our impression that adverse reactions to halothane are rarely a problem in children, we examined the records of 200,311 cases conducted with halothane from June 1, 1958, through May 31, 1983. Life-threatening complications due to side effects were identified in fifteen patients, and could be grouped into three areas: hepatitis (one), malignant hyperthermia (ten), and cardiac arrhythmias (four).

Alveolar macrophages: functional heterogeneity within macrophage populations from rat lung.

Alveolar macrophages were obtained from the unstimulated lungs of rats by repeated endobronchial lavage and an interstitial macrophage population prepared by mincing the lungs subsequent to the lavage process. Considerable heterogeneity was observed within these macrophage populations with respect to cell size, surface morphology and cytochemistry. Functional studies, involving assessment of IgG-Fc receptor density/avidity and the expression of cytostatic activity in cultures of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, revealed comparable heterogeneity, and further indicated a considerably higher degree of apparent stimulation in the alveolar versus the interstitial macrophage population.

Optimal culture conditions for in vitro antigen-induced proliferation of rat lymph node cells.

Popliteal and inguinal lymph node cells (LNC) from rats immunized with ovalbumin (OA) in Freund's adjuvant, were cultured with OA for 4 days in a variety of serum-supplemented media. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into [3H]DNA was assessed as an index of antigen-induced lymphoproliferation. Optimal conditions for proliferation were found to comprise culture in flat-bottomed vessels, in the presence of RPMI 1640 medium adjusted to rat osmolality (310 mosmoles/kg) containing 5% v/v fresh syngeneic rat serum plus 4 X 10(-4) M 2-mercaptoethanol.

Alveolar macrophages. VI. Regulation of alveolar macrophage-mediated suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by a putative T cell.

Alveolar macrophages (AM) from normal rats suppressed antigen- or mitogen-stimulated blastogenic responses in cultures of splenic or lymph node lymphocytes, high levels of suppression often being observed when added AM comprised as few 0.6% of the total cells in culture. The efficiency of AM-mediated suppression of spleen cell blastogenesis declined with the age of the spleen cell donors, was severely curtailed by pretreatment of donors with low levels of cyclophosphamide, and was depleted by adult thymectomy coupled with thoracic duct drainage.