Genes affect the timing of early mouse embryo development.

The rate of preimplantation mouse embryo development was found to be influenced by genes both within and outside the H-2 complex. An H-2 associated gene, called Ped, was shown to govern either fast or slow development. Analysis of congenic strains on a C57BL/10Sn background showed that fast development is associated with the b, d, q, s, and u haplotypes, whereas slow development is associated with the k and r haplotypes.

Detection of H-2 antigens on 8-cell mouse embryos.

H-2 antigens were detected on 80-cell mouse embryos of the b, k, and d haplotypes, but not on 8-cell embryos of the a haplotype. The technique used for detection of H-2 antigens on the embryos was a highly sensitive, automated, complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, based on the principle that live embryos will incorporate 3H-thymidine into DNA, but embryos killed with antiserum and complement will not. The amount of H-2 present on 8-cell embryos is apparently less than that present on blastocysts.

Role of the H-2 complex in preimplantation mouse embryo development.

The H-2 complex was found to influence early mouse embryo development. Slow development was shown to be associated with the H-2k haplotype. By the use of congenic strains, it was clearly demonstrated that gene(s) in the H-2 complex affect the time of the first cleavage division and the rate of subsequent preimplantation development

Gas chromatographic determination of sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol in chewing gum and sorbitol in mints.

A method has been developed for determination of sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol in chewing gum and sorbitol in mints. Chewing gum is partitioned between methylene chloride and water; the mint is simply dissolved in water. The aqueous extract is dried and the residue is derivatized with pyridine-acetic anhydride to form the corresponding peracetates.

Drosophila melanogaster ma-l mutants are defective in the sulfuration of desulfo Mo hydroxylases.

Xanthine dehydrogenase was purified more than 1500-fold from crude extracts of wild type Drosophila melanogaster. Like the bovine milk and chicken liver enzymes, the purified Drosophila enzyme was inactivated by cyanide, and the cyanide-inactivated desulfo enzyme was reactivated by anaerobic incubation with 1 mM sulfide and 1 mM dithionite. Application of the resulfuration procedure to crude extracts of Drosophila ma-l flies which slow pleiotropic deficiencies of xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and pyridoxal oxidase led to the emergence of xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase activities.

The immune response of allophenic mice to the synthetic polymer GL phi. III. Allotype analysis of anti-GL phi antibody.

Allophenic mice produced by aggregating 8-cell embryos from a low responder (CBA) and a high responder (DBA/1) strain to the synthetic amino acid polymer GL phi.. In some strains of mice the immune response to this polymer is controlled by two genes, alpha and beta, which map to the IE/C and IA subregions of the H-2 complex, respectively.

Genetic analysis of H-2 linked gene(s) affecting early mouse embryo development.

The number of cells in preimplantation mouse embryos of different H-2 haplotypes was analysed. It was found that embryos of the H-2k haplotype have fewer cells per embryo than those of the H-2b haplotype. By analysing reciprocal congenic pairs of mice it was demonstrated unequivocally that slow development is linked to the H-2k haplotype and fast development to the H-2b haplotype.

Time required to achieve homogeneity in swine feed mixtures.

FD&C Red No. 3 was mixed with 20 kg pig feed to give a concentration of 0.1%.

Whole embryo culture: a screening technique for teratogens?

Head-fold and early somite stages of mouse and rat embryos maintained in whole-embryo culture throughout much of the period of organogenesis demonstrate normal growth and morphogenesis. Embryos directly exposed to teratogens in the culture system and embryos cultured in serum from adult animals treated with toxic compounds develop congenital abnormalities that resemble malformations induced in vivo by these same agents. Furthermore, the defects are dose- and stage-dependent, such that higher doses produce a greater percentage of malformed embryos, and younger embryos are more susceptible than older ones.

Specificity of H-2 antigens expressed on mouse blastocysts.

A highly sensitive cytotoxicity assay was used to detect H-2 antigens on mouse blastocyst stage embryos of the b, a, k, and d haplotypes. The assay was based on the principle that live embryos incorporate 3H-thymidine into DNA whereas embryos killed with antiserum and complement do not. The use of specific alloantisera showed that blastocysts of different haplotypes express different H-2 antigens.

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of ethoxyquin in paprika and chili powder.

A method is described for the determination of ethoxyquin (1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) in paprika and chili powder. Ethoxyquin is extracted from the spice with hexane and partitioned into 0.3N HCl.

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of methyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoates in comminuted meats.

A method was developed for determining methyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoates (methyl and propyl parabens) in comminuted meats. The parabens were extracted from the meat sample with acetonitrile. After filtering, the extract was analyzed by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography, using a 254 nm absorbance detector.

Molybdenum hydroxylases in Drosophila. II. Molybdenum cofactor in xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and pyridoxal oxidase.

The molybdenum hydroxylases are a ubiquitous class of enzymes which contain molybdenum in association with a low molecular weight cofactor. Genetic evidence suggests that the Drosophila loci, ma--1, cin and lxd are concerned with this cofactor because mutants for any one of these loci simultaneously interrupt activity for two molybdenum hydroxylases, XDH and A0. A third enzyme activity, P0, is also absent in each of the three mutants but evidence classifying P0 as a molybdoenzyme has been lacking.

Repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in nondividing populations of human diploid fibroblasts.

The occurrence of DNA repair in UV- (254 nm) and X-irradiated normal human diploid fibroblasts maintained in a quiescent, nondividing state using low serum (0.5%) medium was ascertained. Techniques that detect different steps of the excision repair process were used so that the extent of completion of repair at single sites could be determined.

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: an unusual tumor. Case report and review of literature.

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is reported. Only 48 cases have been previously reported in the world literature. Pre-operative management is discussed with reference to diagnostic consideration.

Genetic control of the immune response of mice to highly dinitrophenylated human gamma-globulin (DNP56HGG).

The immune response to highly dinitrophenylated human gamma-globulin (DNP56HGG) was tested in inbred strains of mice. Significant differences in the anti-DNP response among inbred strains were found, including the magnitude of serum antibody and the location of plaque-forming cells (spleen or lymph nodes). The strain differences persisted when the dose and adjuvant were changed.

A direct role of dopamine in the rat subthalamic nucleus and an adjacent intrapeduncular area.

The subthalamic nucleus, a clinically important component of the extrapyramidal motor system, and a lateral area extending into the peduncle contain catecholamine terminals and dopamine receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase. In addition, dopamine agonists administered in vivo enhance glucose utilization in the region. Thus, neuronal function in this region is directly affected by dopamine and dopaminergic drugs.

Reverse phase ion pair high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in crabmeat and mayonnaise.

A method is described for the determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in crabmeat and mayonnaise. EDTA is extracted from the food sample with water and converted to its copper chelate, which is then quantitated by reverse phase ion pair high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Maximum sensitivity is obtained with detection at about 254 nm; higher wavelengths may be used for enhanced specificity.

Surgical management in sicklemia.

A review of the history and pathophysiology of sickle cell disease is given. The clinical types (crises) are discussed along with their relationship to surgical occurrences, both elective and emergency. Specifics of perioperative management are discussed and the cardinal features of importance are enumerated.