Division mental health in the new brigade combat team structure: part I. Predeployment and deployment.

Objective: Recent Army transformation has led to significant changes in roles and demands for division mental health (DMH) staff members. This article focuses on predeployment and deployment.

Methods: Surveillance of Combat and Operational Stress Reactions data, review of DMH implementation plans, and observations by staff members, providers, and soldiers were reviewed.

Activation of T cells by cross-linking Qa-2, the ped gene product, requires Fyn.

Problem: Qa-2, the product of the Ped (preimplantation development) gene, regulates the rate of cell division of preimplantation mouse embryos by an unknown mechanism. Due to the limited availability of preimplantation embryos, T cells were used as a model system to assess the possible roles of Fyn and Lck, and two downstream effectors, PI-3 kinase and Akt, in Qa-2 induced cell proliferation.

Method Of Study: Resting T cells were stimulated to proliferate by treating with mouse anti-Qa-2 antibody, cross-linking with anti-mouse immunoglobulin, and adding PMA.

Depression in entry-level military personnel.

Objective: The goal was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, depression in an entry-level U.S. Army population.

The management of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the primary care setting.

Recent geopolitical events, including the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and ongoing military operations in Iraq, have raised awareness of the often severe psychological after-effects of these and other types of traumatic events. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents the most severe of these sequelae. PTSD is an under-recognized and under-treated chronic anxiety disorder associated with significant psychosocial morbidity, substance abuse, and a number of other negative health outcomes.

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous systems with thiol functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles.

We have shown that superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with a surface functionalization of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) are an effective sorbent material for toxic soft metals such as Hg, Ag, Pb, Cd, and Tl, which effectively bind to the DMSA ligands and for As, which binds to the iron oxide lattices. The nanoparticles are highly dispersible and stable in solutions, have a large surface area (114 m2/g), and have a high functional group content (1.8 mmol thiols/g).

Cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke condensate is not due to DNA double strand breaks: Comparative studies using radiosensitive mutant and wild-type CHO cells.

Purpose: To determine whether cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) without metabolic activation induces direct DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in the G1 phase of various radiosensitive mutants of CHO cells and whether these breaks display collateral hypersensitivity to CSC with respect to cell killing.

Materials & Methods: We treated the G1-phase cultures of wild-type and DNA repair deficient mutants of CHO cells with various concentrations of CSC and examined the cell survival by colony formation assay and the induction of DNA double strand breaks by constant field gel electrophoresis as well as the phophorylated histone H2-A variant X (gamma-H2AX) assay.

Results: Gel analysis and gamma-H2AX focus assay showed significantly fewer, but still detectable levels of DSB per cell after CSC treatment compared to ionizing radiation (IR) exposures, even when equitoxic radiation exposures were delivered at a low dose rate over the same 8-hour exposure used for CSC treatments.

Grandmothers' transitions in caregiving to grandchildren.

Many grandmothers experience transitions in their caregiving roles to grandchildren as living arrangements change and parents assume more or less responsibility. The meanings of these transitions have received little attention, yet life transitions can be stressful. This qualitative study focuses on learning how grandmothers perceive these changes in household composition and the meanings these changes have.

Perceptions and practices of graduates of combined family medicine-psychiatry residency programs: a nationwide survey.

Objective: The authors evaluate the current practices and perceptions of graduates of combined family medicine-psychiatry residency programs in the following areas: preparation for practice, boundary formation, and integration of skills sets.

Method: The authors conducted an electronic cross-sectional survey of all nationwide combined family medicine-psychiatry training graduates in the spring of 2005.

Results: Twenty-seven (62.

Current perspectives on chief residents in psychiatry.

Objective: The authors examine qualitative data from outgoing chief residents in psychiatry from the 2004-2005 academic year to 1) determine common characteristics between programs, 2) examine the residents' perspectives on their experiences, and 3) determine their common leadership qualities.

Method: The authors sent out self-report surveys via e-mail to 89 outgoing chief residents who attended the APA/Lilly Chief Resident Executive Leadership Program.

Results: Fifty-three (60%) chief residents responded.

Label-free detection of mitochondrial distribution in cells by nonresonant Raman microspectroscopy.

High spatial resolution Raman maps of fixed cells in an aqueous environment are reported. These maps were obtained by collecting individual Raman spectra via a Raman microspectrometer in a raster pattern on a 0.5-microm grid and assembling pseudocolor maps from the spectral hypercubes by multivariate methods.

Determination of the number of cells in preimplantation embryos by using noninvasive optical quadrature microscopy in conjunction with differential interference contrast microscopy.

The number of cells in a preimplantation embryo is directly correlated to the health and viability of the embryo. There are currently no methods to count the number of cells in late-stage preimplantation embryos noninvasively. We assessed the ability of optical quadrature microscopy (OQM) to count the number of cells in mouse preimplantation embryos noninvasively.

Disordered eating in entry-level military personnel.

Objective: The goal was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for disordered eating in an entry-level U.S. Army population.

Spatio-temporal localization of membrane lipid rafts in mouse oocytes and cleaving preimplantation embryos.

We report for the first time the detection of membrane lipid rafts in mouse oocytes and cleaving preimplantation embryos. Cholera toxin beta (CTbeta), which binds to the raft-enriched ganglioside GM1, was selected to label rafts. In a novel application a Qdot reagent was used to detect CTbeta labeling.

Economic analysis of a randomized trial of academic detailing interventions to improve use of antihypertensive medications.

The authors estimated the costs and cost savings of implementing a program of mailed practice guidelines and single-visit individual and group academic detailing interventions in a randomized controlled trial to improve the use of antihypertensive medications. Analyses took the perspective of the payer. The total costs of the mailed guideline, group detailing, and individual detailing interventions were estimated at 1000 dollars, 5500 dollars, and 7200 dollars, respectively, corresponding to changes in the average daily per person drug costs of -0.

HLA-G is found in lipid rafts and can act as a signaling molecule.

HLA-G protein is the functional homolog of Qa-2, the product of the mouse preimplantation embryo development (Ped) gene. Embryos expressing Qa-2 on the cell surface exhibit a faster rate of preimplantation cleavage and preferential survival in utero compared with Qa-2-negative embryos. Qa-2 is glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked in the cell membrane.

Chemoarchitecture of the middle temporal visual area in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus): laminar distribution of calcium-binding proteins (calbindin, parvalbumin) and nonphosphorylated neurofilament.

We studied the distributions of interneurons containing the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin D-28k, as well as that of pyramidal neurons containing nonphosphorylated neurofilament (NNF), in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of marmoset monkeys. The distributions of these classes of cells in MT are distinct from those found in adjacent areas. Similar to the primary visual area (V1), in MT, calbindin-immunopositive neurons can be objectively classified into "dark" and "light" subtypes based on optical density of stained cell bodies.

Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome.

Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome occurs in approximately 20 percent of patients after abrupt discontinuation of an antidepressant medication that was taken for at least six weeks. Typical symptoms of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome include flu-like symptoms, insomnia, nausea, imbalance, sensory disturbances, and hyperarousal. These symptoms usually are mild, last one to two weeks, and are rapidly extinguished with reinstitution of antidepressant medication.

Analysis of the sex ratio in preimplantation embryos from B6.K1 and B6.K2 Ped gene congenic mice.

Purpose: The mouse preimplantation embryo development (Ped) gene product, Qa-2, which is the homolog of human HLA-G, influences the rate of preimplantation embryonic development and overall reproductive success. The sex ratio in preimplantation embryos from Ped gene congenic mice was examined in order to determine whether embryo sex is a confounding factor in the control of the rate of preimplantation development.

Methods: B6.

Influence of the preimplantation embryo development (Ped) gene on embryonic platelet-activating factor (PAF) levels.

Purpose: A major gene responsible for the control of preimplantation cleavage rate is the Ped gene, the product of which is the Qa-2 protein. Fast, but not slow developing mouse embryos express the Qa-2 protein. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a novel and potent signaling phospholipid that has unique pleiotropic properties in addition to platelet activation.

Estrogen receptor expression in benign breast ductal cells obtained from random periareolar fine needle aspiration correlates with menopausal status and cytomorphology index score.

Introduction: Estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast epithelial cells has potential as a risk marker for development of breast cancer and as a response marker for preventive interventions.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine if ER expression in benign cytologic specimens acquired by random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) increases with morphologic abnormality as has been reported for histologic preparations.

Methods: ER expression was assessed in 122 women at high risk for development of breast cancer who had RPFNA hyperplasia +/- atypia and were being screened for entry into one of two chemoprevention trials.

Clinical and nonclinical correlates of adherence to prescribing guidelines for hypertension in a large managed care organization.

To examine correlates of guideline adherence in a population with access to health care and prescription drug benefits, the authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 5789 patients undergoing hypertension treatment with a single medication in a large New England managed care organization. Logistic regression was used to determine correlates of adherence, defined as use of diuretics or beta blocker as antihypertensive monotherapy during the 1-year study period. Women were more likely than men to receive guideline-adherent therapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.

Memory lymphocytes of young and old C57BL/6 mice express high levels of class I major histocompatibility complex (H-2 Kb) protein.

Memory lymphocytes play a central role in the secondary immune response. The concentration of memory lymphocytes increases with age. A high level of cell surface CD44 is a marker of memory lymphocytes compared to naïve lymphocytes which express a low level of CD44.

Grandmothers, caregiving, and family functioning.

Objectives: We used McCubbin's Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation ( McCubbin, Thompson, & McCubbin, 2001) to examine how demographic factors, family stress, grandmother resourcefulness, support, and role reward affect perceptions of family functioning for grandmothers raising grandchildren, grandmothers living in multigenerational households, and grandmothers not caregiving for grandchildren.

Methods: A sample of 486 grandmothers completed a mailed questionnaire. We used structural equation modeling to (a) test the effects of demographic factors (i.