Intestinal extracellular vesicles are altered by vertical sleeve gastrectomy.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity and its comorbidities. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind its beneficial effects is limited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise an important mode of intercellular communication.

A case of Candida septic arthritis with rice body formation in a 2-month-old infant.

We present a case of rice body formation in the left knee joint of a 2-month-old infant affected by Candida albicans septic arthritis which has never been reported before. Rice body formation has been described in association with rheumatoid or tuberculous arthritis and is very rare in Candida arthritis. After three weeks of therapy with amphotericin B administered intravenously, the infant recovered fully from infection.

Wide spectrum of congenital anomalies including choanal atresia, malformed extremities, and brain and spinal malformations in a girl with a de novo 5.6-Mb deletion of 13q12.11-13q12.13.

A 2 ½-year-old girl with multiple congenital anomalies and a de novo 5.6-Mb deletion on chromosome 13q12.11-13q12.

An extra mouth in a newborn: a unique case of facial duplication.

An accessory mouth is a very rare condition, with approximately 15 cases reported in the literature to date. We describe another unique case and discuss its possible embryopathogenesis.

Primary dietary prevention of food allergy.

Objective: To present research and clinical evidence on the use of primary dietary prevention in food allergy management.

Data Sources: We conducted MEDLINE searches for pertinent articles published between January 1986 and October 2001 with use of the following keywords or phrases: prevention and diet and allergy, food allergy and prevention, and dietary prevention and food allergy or allergens. Also included are information and commentary reflecting the authors' cumulative clinical experience in an allergy unit of a city hospital.

Why do people self-harm?

The accuracy of perceptions about self-harm that are presented in the psychological and psychiatric literature was assessed with a sample of self-harmers. A list of 20 statements containing ten myths and ten accurate statements about self-harm behaviour was incorporated into an internet-based questionnaire. Respondents (n = 243) rated their extent of agreement with each statement.

Management of bovine protein allergy: new perspectives and nutritional aspects.

Objectives: Awareness of the considerable incidence of bovine protein allergy in infancy makes it necessary to eliminate cow's milk antigens from the diet in special cases. The primary objective of this review is to discuss the nutritional aspects and appropriate use of hypoallergenic formulas as a substitute for cow's milk formulas and to present new alternative feeding modalities in this field.

Data Sources: Related articles in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) were reviewed.

Protein intake and metabolism in formula-fed infants given Swedish or Italian weaning foods.

The aim of the study was to compare protein intake and metabolism between infants from two countries given similar infant formulae but different weaning foods. Healthy Swedish and Italian infants were studied between 3 and 12 mo. Infants in both populations were assigned to 1 of 3 infant formulae, containing 13, 15 or 18/20 g l(-1) of protein, given in addition to Swedish or Italian weaning foods.

Fat intake and metabolism in Swedish and Italian infants.

The purpose of the study was to compare fat intake and metabolism between two infant populations from Sweden and Italy given breast milk or similar infant formulas, but different weaning foods. Nutrient intake and fat metabolism were studied prospectively from 3-12 mo in 68 Swedish and 46 Italian healthy infants, breastfed or given similar infant formulas in combination with Swedish or Mediterranean weaning foods. Although nutrient intake and fat metabolism were similar at 6 mo, fat intake was lower at 12 mo in the Italian than in the Swedish formula group (p < 0.

Individualized protein fortification of human milk for preterm infants: comparison of ultrafiltrated human milk protein and a bovine whey fortifier.

Background: To improve the nutritional management of pre-term infants, a new individualized human milk fortification system based on presupplementation milk protein analyses was evaluated.

Methods: In an open, prospective, randomized multicenter study, 32 healthy preterm infants (birth weights, 920-1750 g) were enrolled at a mean of 21 days of age (range, 9-36 days) when tolerating exclusive enteral feedings of 150 ml/kg per day. All infants were fed human milk and were randomly allocated to fortification with a bovine whey protein fortifier (n = 16) or ultrafiltrated human milk protein (n = 16).

The influence of dietary nucleotides on erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and plasma lipids in preterm infants.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a regular formula for premature infants supplemented with nucleotides has any influence on plasma lipids and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids.

Methods: Preterm infants fed either human milk supplemented with human milk protein (HM, n = 14), nucleotide-supplemented preterm formula (NF, n = 13), or a regular preterm formula (F, n = 13) were included in the study. The NF was supplemented with 18.

Non-opposable triphalangeal thumb in an Italian family.

This report describes a family with bilateral non-opposable triphalangeal thumb, bringing to two the number of families with this autosomal dominant disorder.