Differentiation between germinoma and other pineal region tumors using diffusion-and susceptibility-weighted MRI.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for differentiation between germinoma and other pineal region tumors.

Method: This retrospective study consisted of 72 patients with pathologically proven pineal region tumors between January 2010 and August 2020. Tumors were classified as germinomas (40), non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (11) (NGGCT), pineal parenchymal tumors (10) (PPT), and other types of tumors (11).

Prevalence of Sclerotic Pterygoid Plate in Pretreatment Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of sclerotic pterygoid plate in pretreatment CT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with the control group.

Materials And Methods: A total of 51 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (37 men, 14 women) with a mean age of 51.94±13 years, and 51 controls (30 men, 21 women) with a mean age, 49.

What are the strongest indicators of intracerebral hemorrhage in mild traumatic brain injury?

Background: Although there are eight factors known to indicate a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), identification of the strongest of these factors may optimize the utility of brain CT in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of ICH based on baseline characteristics/mode of injury, indications for brain CT, and a combination of both to determine the strongest indicator.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, analytical study.

Diffusion MRI in Evaluation of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors.

Background: To evaluate the role of diffusion MRI in differentiating pediatric posterior fossa tumors and determine the cut-off values of ADC ratio to distinguish medulloblastoma from other common tumors.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed MRI of 90 patients (7.5-year median age) with pathologically proven posterior fossa tumors (24 medulloblastoma, 7 ependymoma, 4 anaplastic ependymoma, 13 pilocytic astrocytoma, 30 diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), 4 ATRT, 3 diffuse astrocytoma, 2 high grade astrocytoma, 2 glioblastoma, and 1 low grade glioma).

Intramedullary Conus Medullaris Tuberculoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Intramedullary tuberculoma (IMT) of the conus medullaris is extremely rare. We present a case of intramedullary conus medullaris tuberculoma in which the diagnosis was based on there being very high levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and improvement with antituberculous therapy. A 78-year-old man presented after having had a dull ache in both thighs and progressive paraparesis.

Case Report: Sparganosis of the Cauda Equina.

Spinal sparganosis of the cauda equina has been rarely reported. A 54-year-old man presented at the hospital after having experienced lower back pain for 10 months, progressive weakness and numbness of the left leg for 4 months, and urinary incontinence for 3 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine revealed a heterogeneous enhancing mass at the T12-S1 level.

Brain Metabolite Changes After Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: Previous research has provided evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the exact mechanism of this effect is still unknown. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has demonstrated low levels of brain metabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals with ASD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of anodal tDCS on social functioning of individuals with ASD, as measured by the social subscale of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), through correlations between pretreatment and posttreatment concentrations of brain metabolites in the areas of interest (DLPFC, ACC, amygdala, and locus coeruleus) and scores on the ATEC social subscale.

Grading Gliomas Capability: Comparison between Visual Assessment and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Value Measurement on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI).

Background: To compare diagnostic accuracy between DWI visual scale assessment and ADC value measurement of solid portion of the tumor in grading gliomas.

Methods: This retrospective study included 38 patients who had pathologically proven gliomas between January 2013 and August 2018 with 18 low grade and 20 high grade tumors. All patients underwent MRI and biopsy.

Interrater Reliability of Various Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Classifications for Differentiating Benign from Malignant Thyroid Nodules.

Background: Thyroid ultrasound(US) is used as the first diagnostic tool to assess the management of disease but is operator dependent. There have been few reports evaluating interrater variability in US assessment. Therefore, we evaluated interrater reliability in US assessment of thyroid nodules and estimated its diagnostic accuracy for various TIRADS systems.

Preoperative MRI evaluation of meningioma consistency: A focus on detailed architectures.

Objectives: Meningioma is one of the most common primary intracranial tumors. Diagnosis by imaging is not difficult. However evaluation of tumor consistency is an important factor affecting the surgical outcomes.

Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Glycemic Indices and Peripheral Blood Flow in Type II Diabetic Patients.

Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) training is a regime of training on a vibration platform that provides oscillatory movement to the body. Vibration training may be a potentially useful therapeutic strategy to control diabetes and its complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of WBV on glycemic indices and peripheral blood flow in type II diabetic patients.

Transient Changes in Brain Metabolites after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.

Background: Muscle spasticity is a disability caused by damage to the pyramidal system. Standard treatments for spasticity include muscle stretching, antispastic medications, and tendon release surgeries, but treatment outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with muscle spasticity is known to result in significant improvement in spastic tone ( < 0.

The roles of the diffusion-weighted imaging in orbital masses.

Introduction: Causes of orbital masses can be either benign or malignant. An MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may be helpful to differentiate causes of orbital masses. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic properties of an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in orbital masses.

CT interpretation by ASPECTS in hyperacute ischemic stroke predicting functional outcomes.

Purpose: To determine whether the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (ASPECTS) can predict posttreatment functional outcomes in hyperacute stroke patients who receive recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment within 4.5 h.

Materials And Methods: We studied 162 patients treated with rt-PA within 4.

The appropriate neuroimaging study in persons with epilepsy.

This article presents the appropriate neuroimaging for persons with epilepsy (PWE) in resource-limited facilities. PWE from the Epilepsy Clinic, Srinagarind Hospital between November 1, 2003 and January 30, 2005 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were PWE aged more than 15 years who underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain.

Diagnostic performance of gray-scale versus combined gray-scale with colour doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid nodules.

Objective: To compare diagnostic performance of gray-scale ultrasound and combined gray-scale ultrasound with color Doppler ultrasound in predicting malignancy of thyroid nodules by using tissue diagnosis as the reference standard.

Design: Diagnostic test with prospective data collection.

Materials And Methods: Between November 2007 and October 2008, 31 patients (16 with solitary thyroid nodules and 15 with multiple thyroid nodules) were preoperatively evaluated with gray-scale ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound.

Predictive risk factors of seizure-related injury in persons with epilepsy.

Objective: The clinical risk factors for seizure-related injuries (SRI) in adult persons with epilepsy (PWE) were studied and analyzed to develop a predictive model.

Methods: We enrolled 300 consecutive cases from three epilepsy clinics in Northeast, Thailand. Subjects were eligible if reported to have at least one seizure attack during the past 12 months.

Abnormal diffusivity of normal appearing brain tissue in multiple sclerosis: a diffusion-weighted MR imaging study.

Objective: To assess whether water diffusivity in normal appearing brain tissue including white and gray matter of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients shown by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) differs from normal individuals.

Material And Method: Conventional MRI and DWI were performed in 37 multiple sclerosis patients and 31 control subjects, matched for age and sex. Quantitative diffusivity values were obtained from variable locations of normal appearing white and gray matter from both hemispheres by using a standardized region of interest template.

Very high dose phenobarbital for refractory status epilepticus.

Background: Refractory status epilepticus (RSE), defined as status epilepticus that fails to respond to first, second and third-line therapy. The RSE is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment guidelines of RSE give a spectrum of options, such as, continuous intravenous (i.

Is the routine pressure dressing after thyroidectomy necessary? A prospective randomized controlled study.

Background: An acute complication of thyroidectomy is fatal hematoma, which can produce an upper airway obstruction needing immediate intubation or tracheostomy. After neck surgery, we usually apply a pressure dressing with a non-woven, adhesive fabric to reduce bleeding and fluid collection at the operative bed. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate a pressure vs.

Basic knowledge of epilepsy among medical students.

Background: The medical students' knowledge about basic medical neuroscience in the preclinical level may be fragmented and incomplete.

Objective: Evaluate the knowledge of students prior to a lecture on epilepsy in clinical level.

Material And Method: One hundred ten fourth-year medical students' knowledge was accessed by a self-administered questionnaire.

MRI findings in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following varicella infection in an adult.

There are no abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after varicella infection. Here, we report abnormal MRI findings in an adult, namely: hyperintense signal in the right medullary olive, the right side of the pons, the left middle cerebellar peduncle, the dorsal aspect of both thalami and the periventricular white matter of both cerebral hemispheres. The patient's condition improved after 1 week of corticosteroid treatment.

ADC measurements in various patterns of multiple sclerosis lesions.

Objective: To determine the difference of mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) among different patterns of focal multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, to compare mean lesion ADC between 2 clinical subgroups and to correlate mean lesion ADC with disability.

Material And Method: Thirty seven patients (26 with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and 11 with secondary-progressive MS) underwent both conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. After creating ADC maps, region identification was done by using b = 0 images and T2-weighted images.

Knowledge of epilepsy among teachers in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.

Introduction: Epileptic patients face social stigmatization due to negative attitudes and incorrect knowledge on epilepsy.

Objectives: To evaluate knowledge of epilepsy among teachers in Khon Kaen province.

Material And Method: A self-administered questionnaire distributed to 102 teachers who attended the training lectures on epilepsy.

MR features of cerebral aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient: correlation with histology and elemental analysis.

We report an unusual case of cerebral aspergillosis in a young immunocompetent patient who also had dissemination to other end organs. The patient presented with a large mass in the left cerebral hemisphere. Elemental analysis of biopsy specimens revealed elevated levels of iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, chromium, and nickel that correlated with a peripheral rim of hypointensity on T2-weighted images.