An Interdisciplinary Approach Toward Developing an Engaging and Clinically Relevant Medical Imaging Curriculum.

Rationale And Objectives: Competency in imaging is essential for physicians to diagnose and manage disease. Previously, the authors introduced radiology education in the anatomy lab. The present study transitioned the radiology education to the classroom with the primary goal of increasing engagement and clinical relevance.

Persistent Prothrombotic State in a Patient With Alström Syndrome.

We present the case of a patient with Alström syndrome who was found to have evidence of a prothrombotic state on autopsy after sudden cardiac death. To the best of our knowledge, this case of persistent prothrombotic milieu is the first described in a patient with Alström syndrome.

A brainstem to circadian system circuit links Tau pathology to sundowning-related disturbances in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibit progressive disruption of entrained circadian rhythms and an aberrant circadian input pathway may underlie such dysfunction. Here we examine AD-related pathology and circadian dysfunction in the APPSwe-Tau (TAPP) model of AD. We show these mice exhibit phase delayed body temperature and locomotor activity with increases around the active-to-rest phase transition.

Addressing uncertainties in correlative imaging of exogenous particles with the tissue microanatomy with synchronous imaging strategies.

Exposure to exogenous particles is of increasing concern to human health. Characterizing the concentrations, chemical species, distribution, and involvement of the stimulus with the tissue microanatomy is essential in understanding the associated biological response. However, no single imaging technique can interrogate all these features at once, which confounds and limits correlative analyses.

Atherosclerosis in Fabry Disease-A Contemporary Review.

Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterised by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A resulting in sphingolipid deposition which causes progressive cardiac, renal, and cerebral manifestations. The case illustrates a patient with FD who died suddenly, and medical examination demonstrated myocardial scarring and prior infarction. Angina is a frequent symptom in FD.

Systems and Circuits Linking Chronic Pain and Circadian Rhythms.

Research over the last 20 years regarding the link between circadian rhythms and chronic pain pathology has suggested interconnected mechanisms that are not fully understood. Strong evidence for a bidirectional relationship between circadian function and pain has been revealed through inflammatory and immune studies as well as neuropathic ones. However, one limitation of many of these studies is a focus on only a few molecules or cell types, often within only one region of the brain or spinal cord, rather than systems-level interactions.

Tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion of the maxilla: Successful resection and microvascular reconstruction after failed medical therapy.

Tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesions (TFILs) of the head and neck are rare and benign but locally aggressive lesions. The etiology and pathogenesis of these lesions are unknown. Medical management is regarded the first line of treatment.

Consensus clinical management guidelines for Alström syndrome.

Alström Syndrome (ALMS) is an ultra-rare multisystem genetic disorder caused by autosomal recessive variants in the ALMS1 gene, which is located on chromosome 2p13. ALMS is a multisystem, progressive disease characterised by visual disturbance, hearing impairment, cardiomyopathy, childhood obesity, extreme insulin resistance, accelerated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), renal dysfunction, respiratory disease, endocrine and urologic disorders. Clinical symptoms first appear in infancy with great variability in age of onset and severity.

Osteomyelitis of the mandible secondary to malignant infantile osteopetrosis in an adult.

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP), an autosomal-recessive disorder, is extremely rare, presenting early in life with extreme sclerosis of the skeleton and reduced activity of osteoclasts. It was first described by Albers Schonberg in 1904. Disease manifestations include compensatory extramedullary haematopoiesis at sites such as the liver and spleen, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia and thrombocytopaenia.

Implications of X-ray beam profiles on qualitative and quantitative synchrotron micro-focus X-ray fluorescence microscopy.

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence microscopy is frequently used to investigate the spatial distribution of elements within a wide range of samples. Interrogation of heterogeneous samples that contain large concentration ranges has the potential to produce image artefacts due to the profile of the X-ray beam. The presence of these artefacts and the distribution of flux within the beam profile can significantly affect qualitative and quantitative analyses.

Biphasic malignant tumours of the abdominal cavity.

Carcinosarcomas (CS) are uncommon, highly aggressive, biphasic tumours consisting of both sarcomatous and carcinomatous elements. They appear to originate from a common cell of origin, either via transformation from a single premature precursor or conversion of a mature epithelial cell through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CS should be considered a unique cancer subtype with cells typically displaying diffuse mitotic activity and widespread atypical mitoses predisposing to early metastasis and a tendency to local recurrence following resection.

Unabsorbed dura patch removed eight years after pituitary surgery.

The Codman ETHISORB Dura Patch is a synthetic, absorbable material whose absorption is complete within approximately 90 days. We report the first case of an unabsorbed Codman Dura patch, in which a patient was presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis 8 years after pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease.

Bilateral inferior turbinate osteoma.

Osteomas are the most common benign osteoclastic tumours of the paranasal sinuses. However, nasal cavity and turbinate osteomas are extremely rare. Only nine middle turbinate, three inferior turbinate and one inferior turbinate osteoma cases have been reported to date.

Surgical management of macroglossia secondary to amyloidosis.

The authors report a case of amyloidosis-induced macroglossia treated with surgical reduction of the tongue using a keyhole to inverted T method with particular emphasis on the postoperative sequelae. Significant tongue swelling persisted for longer than anticipated requiring tracheostomy to remain in situ for 14 days.

Diffuse left ventricular interstitial fibrosis is associated with sub-clinical myocardial dysfunction in Alström Syndrome: an observational study.

Background: Alström syndrome is a rare inherited ciliopathy with progressive multisystem involvement. Dilated cardiomyopathy is common in infancy and recurs or presents de novo in adults with high rates of premature cardiovascular death. Although Alström syndrome is characterised by fibrosis in solid organs such as the liver, the pathogenesis of related cardiomyopathy are not clear.

Optic neuropathy secondary to eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis.

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is a rare fibroinflammatory disorder with a predilection for upper respiratory tract submucosa. We report a 45-year-old man with progressive unilateral visual loss secondary to a retroorbital soft tissue mass with histological features consistent with EAF. The patient experienced marked improvement in vision after endoscopic optic nerve decompression through sphenoethmoidectomy.

Cessation of epilepsy in an 8-year-old girl following removal of carotid body paraganglioma.

We present a case of an 8-year-old girl with established focal epilepsy, whose fits resolved permanently after excision of a carotid body paraganglioma.