Burkitt Lymphoma Presenting as Obstructive Jaundice: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive, high-grade B-cell lymphoma common in children and young adults. Despite being frequently discovered in extranodal sites, BL rarely occurs in the pancreas. We present a case of a patient with BL presenting as obstructive jaundice.

Splenic Cysts and the Case of Mistaken Identity.

Endometriosis is a well-described pathology, with anatomic location of endometrial cell implantation extending both intraperitoneal and rarely extraperitoneal. Interestingly, previous reports indicated that the spleen enjoys immunity to endometriosis. Here, we present a patient with unremitting abdominal pain who, upon further workup, revealed multicystic disease of the spleen.

Tumor-selective, futile redox cycle-induced bystander effects elicited by NQO1 bioactivatable radiosensitizing drugs in triple-negative breast cancers.

Aims: β-Lapachone (β-lap), a novel radiosensitizer with potent antitumor efficacy alone, selectively kills solid cancers that over-express

Nad(p)h: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Since breast or other solid cancers have heterogeneous NQO1 expression, therapies that reduce the resistance (e.g.

BAP1 loss defines a new class of renal cell carcinoma.

The molecular pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is poorly understood. Whole-genome and exome sequencing followed by innovative tumorgraft analyses (to accurately determine mutant allele ratios) identified several putative two-hit tumor suppressor genes, including BAP1. The BAP1 protein, a nuclear deubiquitinase, is inactivated in 15% of clear cell RCCs.

A validated tumorgraft model reveals activity of dovitinib against renal cell carcinoma.

Most anticancer drugs entering clinical trials fail to achieve approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Prognostic value of apoptotic markers in squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Unlabelled: Study Type - Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Apoptotic pathways are important in carcinogenesis. Many studies, involving small numbers of patients, have found an association between one or two apoptotic markers and some of the pathological features of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Subclassification of pT3 urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvicalyceal system is associated with recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival: proposal for a revision of the current TNM classification.

Background: The clinical course of pT3 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is highly variable.

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to validate the clinical and prognostic importance of pT3 subclassification in the renal pelvicalyceal system in a large international cohort of patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: From a multi-institutional international database, 858 renal pelvicalyceal tumors treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) were systematically reevaluated by genitourinary pathologists.

Interplay between pVHL and mTORC1 pathways in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is implicated in cell growth control and is extensively regulated. We previously reported that in response to hypoxia, mTORC1 is inhibited by the protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1). REDD1 is upregulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, and forced REDD1 expression is sufficient to inhibit mTORC1.

Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: value of cell cycle biomarkers.

Primary adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder are uncommon, and the molecular pathways are currently not well defined. In this study, we assessed the association between biologic markers and clinicopathologic characteristics in a cohort of 21 patients with primary urinary bladder adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for cell cycle-specific markers, including p53, p21, p27, Ki-67, and cyclin E, were performed on sections of a tissue microarray construct.

Tissue compression analysis for magnetically anchored cautery dissector during single-site laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological effects of dynamic abdominal wall compression using the magnetic anchoring and guidance system (MAGS) platform.

Methods: Cholecystectomy was performed in two nonsurvival and two survival pigs using a single-site laparoscopic (SSL) approach. A deployable MAGS cautery dissector was used to perform the entire dissection in conjunction with a laparoscope and other instruments.

Urinary cytology for the detection of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder--a flawed adjunct to cystoscopy?

Objectives: To test the sensitivity of urinary cytology at a tertiary academic institution and to assess the impact of pathologist' experience on detection of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).

Materials And Methods: Between April 1999 and September 2008, 8,574 cytology specimens were evaluated. There were 882 consecutive patients (612 males, 270 females) who underwent bladder biopsy or transurethral resection of bladder tumor for UCB.

Cell-type-dependent regulation of mTORC1 by REDD1 and the tumor suppressors TSC1/TSC2 and LKB1 in response to hypoxia.

mTORC1 is a critical regulator of cell growth that integrates multiple signals and is deregulated in cancer. We previously reported that mTORC1 regulation by hypoxia involves Redd1 and the Tsc1/Tsc2 complex. Here we show that Redd1 induction by hypoxia is tissue dependent and that hypoxia signals are relayed to mTORC1 through different pathways in a tissue-specific manner.

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma with loco-regional nodal metastases: insights from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration.

Objective: • To describe a multicentre experience with preoperative platinum-based chemotherapy before radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) with loco-regional nodal metastases.

Patients And Methods: • We identified 313 patients from the UTUC Collaboration (over 1200 patients), who underwent RNU with concomitant retroperitoneal lymph node dissection between 1990 and 2007 and met the inclusion criteria for one of three groups. • Group 1 comprised patients who received chemotherapy before RNU because of biopsy-proven loco-regional nodal metastases.

Prognostic value of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Purpose: Inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of carcinoma, including squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cyclooxygenase-2 is an enzyme that is induced at inflammation sites. We assessed the expression pattern of cyclooxygenase-2 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder and determined whether cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with clinical outcomes after radical cystectomy.

Effect of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology on thyroidectomy rates and malignancy risk in cytologically indeterminate lesions.

Background: Cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In 2007, the National Cancer Institute recommended The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) as a means of improving the accuracy of thyroid cytopathology. Our objective was to determine the effect of TBSRTC on thyroidectomy rates and malignancy risk in cytologically indeterminate lesions.

Expression of cell cycle-related molecular markers in patients treated with radical cystectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.

We evaluated the association of p53, p21, p27, cyclin E, and Ki-67 expression with pathologic features and clinical outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on radical cystectomy specimens with pure SCC from 1997 to 2003. Bright field microscopy imaging coupled with advanced color detection software was used.

Bilharzial vs non-bilharzial related bladder cancer: pathological characteristics and value of cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

Objective: • To assess the expression pattern of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in bilharzial and non-bilharzial related bladder cancer (BBC and NBBC) and its association with clinical outcome after radical cystectomy (RC). We also determined the clinico-pathological differences between BBC and NBBC.

Patients And Methods: • Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for COX-2 was performed on archival bladder specimens from 315 patients treated with RC between 1997 and 2003.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE): a novel method for renal tissue ablation.

Objective: • To evaluate the effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE) on renal parenchyma and the renal collecting system in a porcine model.

Materials And Methods: • Eight female Yorkshire pigs underwent a series of laparoscopic ablations using either monopolar or bipolar IRE (Angiodynamics, Queensbury, NY, USA). • The pigs were killed between 10 min and 14 days after IRE, and the kidneys were harvested for gross and histological analysis, including NADH staining for cellular viability.

Magnetic anchoring and guidance system instrumentation for laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery/natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: lack of histologic damage after prolonged magnetic coupling across the abdominal wall.

Objectives: To study the potential pathologic effect of prolonged compression of abdominal wall between the components. Magnetic Anchoring and Guidance System (MAGS) instruments ameliorate some of the challenges in triangulation created by laparo-endoscopic single-site and natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery. They consist of an intracorporeal magnetic device coupled to an external hand-held magnet used to anchor and "steer" it around the peritoneal cavity.

Evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated with increased tumorigenic potential in an immortalized normal prostate epithelial cell line.

Background: The majority of established human prostate cancer cell lines are derived from metastatic lesions and are already tumorigenic in vivo, therefore immortalized normal prostate cell lines may provide a more relevant model to unveil the mechanisms associated with cancer progression and metastasis.

Methods: PZ-HPV-7, an immortalized human prostate epithelial cell line was used to generate xenograft tumors in mice. A subline designated HPV-PZ-7T was subsequently derived from the subrenal capsule xenograft of a nude mouse.

Prostate cancer radiosensitization through poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 hyperactivation.

The clinical experimental agent, β-lapachone (β-lap; Arq 501), can act as a potent radiosensitizer in vitro through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism to determine whether β-lap may warrant clinical evaluation as a radiosensitizer. β-Lap killed prostate cancer cells by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) metabolic bioactivation, triggering a massive induction of reactive oxygen species, irreversible DNA single-strand breaks (SSB), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) hyperactivation, NAD(+)/ATP depletion, and μ-calpain-induced programmed necrosis.