From pupil to performance: Exploring the role of tonic norepinephrine levels in response inhibition using pretrial pupil measures.

Response inhibition is key to flexible behavior. Importantly, performance in any task, including response inhibition tasks, fluctuates on a moment-to-moment basis. Using pupillometry, we investigated the relationship between these behavioral fluctuations in response inhibition and naturally occurring fluctuations of norepinephrine (NE) levels in the brain before a given trial has even started.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as Regenerative Medicine in Knee Osteoarthritis: Pre-Experiment for Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Evaluation.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is currently treated by regenerative therapies that aim to inhibit arthritic degeneration. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is one of the physical regenerative approaches used for KOA management. However, little is known regarding the impact of shock wave treatment on matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), which is one of the enzymes mediating cartilage degradation.

The Relationship Between Patient Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Free Functional Muscle Transfer in Patients with Complete Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury.

Purpose: Traumatic brachial plexus injury (TBPI) causes severe disabilities to the patients, affecting not only upper limb function but also the psychosocial and economic aspects. Free functional muscle transfer (FFMT) is one of the reconstruction modalities for the management of TBPI. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcomes and their correlation to patient factors.

Effects of Otago Exercise Program on serum Interleukin-6 level in older women.

Background: Otago Exercise Program (OEP) has been demonstrated to minimize the risk of falling in older adults by improving muscular strength and balance. Meanwhile, reduced IL-6 level serves as a biomarker of regular physical activity.

Objective: Analyzing OEP effect on decreased IL-6 level in elderly women.

The influence of pupil responses on subjective brightness perception.

When the pupil dilates, the amount of light that falls onto the retina increases. However, in daily life, this does not make the world look brighter. Here we asked whether pupil size (resulting from active pupil movement) influences subjective brightness in the absence of indirect cues that, in daily life, support brightness constancy.

Investigating the relationship between background luminance and self-reported valence of auditory stimuli.

The present study investigated the effect of background luminance on the self-reported valence ratings of auditory stimuli, as suggested by some earlier work. A secondary aim was to better characterise the effect of auditory valence on pupillary responses, on which the literature is inconsistent. Participants were randomly presented with sounds of different valence categories (negative, neutral, and positive) obtained from the IADS-E database.

Cultural validation and language translation of the scientific SCI exercise guidelines for use in Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Thailand.

Context: Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Thailand.

Objective: To culturally validate and translate the Scientific Exercise Guidelines for Adults with Spinal Cord Injury (SEG-SCI) for use in four Asian countries.

Design: Systematic Review.

Effects of nicotine on pupil size and performance during multiple-object tracking in non-nicotine users.

Nicotine has been commonly used in pyschopharmacological studies, showing its benefits as a pharmacological stimulant on cognitive performance. In the current study, we investigated the effects of 2 mg (Experiment 1) and 4 mg (Experiment 2) of nicotine on performance on a multiple-object-tracking task. Participants were young non-smoking adults with no pre-existing attentional deficits.