Anisotropic exchange interaction of two hole-spin qubits.

Semiconductor spin qubits offer the potential to employ industrial transistor technology to produce large-scale quantum computers. Silicon hole spin qubits benefit from fast all-electrical qubit control and sweet spots to counteract charge and nuclear spin noise. However, the demonstration of a two-qubit interaction has remained an open challenge.

Cavity-assisted resonance fluorescence from a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond.

The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is an attractive resource for the generation of remote entangled states owing to its optically addressable and long-lived electronic spin. However, its low native fraction of coherent photon emission, ~3%, undermines the achievable spin-photon entanglement rates. Here, we couple a nitrogen-vacancy center with a narrow extrinsically-broadened linewidth (159 MHz), hosted in a micron-thin membrane, to an open microcavity.

A single-photon emitter coupled to a phononic-crystal resonator in the resolved-sideband regime.

A promising route towards the deterministic creation and annihilation of single-phonons is to couple a single-photon emitter to a mechanical resonator. The challenge lies in reaching the resolved-sideband regime with a large coupling rate and a high mechanical quality factor. We achieve this by coupling self-assembled InAs quantum dots to a small mode-volume phononic-crystal resonator with mechanical frequency Ω/2π = 1.

Realization of a Coherent and Efficient One-Dimensional Atom.

A quantum emitter interacting with photons in a single optical-mode constitutes a one-dimensional atom. A coherent and efficiently coupled one-dimensional atom provides a large nonlinearity, enabling photonic quantum gates. Achieving a high coupling efficiency (β factor) and low dephasing is challenging.

Synergistic Effects of the Electric Field Induced by Imidazolium Rotation and Hydrogen Bonding in Electrocatalysis of CO.

The roles of the ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF]), and water in controlling the mechanism, energetics, and electrocatalytic activity of CO reduction to CO on silver in nonaqueous electrolytes were investigated. The first electron transfer occurs to CO at reduced overpotentials when it is trapped between the planes of the [EMIM] ring and the electrode surface due to cation reorientation as determined from voltammetry, in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Within this interface, water up to 0.

Exchange Energy of the Ferromagnetic Electronic Ground State in a Monolayer Semiconductor.

Mobile electrons in the semiconductor monolayer MoS_{2} form a ferromagnetic state at low temperature. The Fermi sea consists of two circles: one at the K point, the other at the K[over ˜] point, both with the same spin. Here, we present an optical experiment on gated MoS_{2} at low electron density in which excitons are injected with known spin and valley quantum numbers.

Simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography and Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cardiopulmonary Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

Background: Aging-associated left ventricular dysfunction promotes cardiopulmonary fibrogenic remodeling, Group 2 pulmonary hypertension (PH), and right ventricular failure. At the time of diagnosis, cardiac function has declined, and cardiopulmonary fibrosis has often developed. Here, we sought to develop a molecular positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol to detect both cardiopulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic disease activity in a left ventricular dysfunction model.

Lung-specific interleukin 6 mediated transglutaminase 2 activation and cardiopulmonary fibrogenesis.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis is driven by inflammatory and metabolic derangements as well as glycolytic reprogramming. Induction of both interleukin 6 (IL6) and transglutaminase 2 (TG2) expression participates in human and experimental cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the role of TG2 in these pathologic processes.

Axillary ultrasonography for early-stage invasive breast cancer.

Background: Among women with early invasive breast cancer and 1-2 positive sentinel nodes, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is non-inferior to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). However, preoperative axillary ultrasonography (AxUS) may not be sensitive enough to discriminate burden of nodal metastasis in these patients, potentially leading to overtreatment. This study compares axillary operation rates in patients who did and did not receive preoperative AxUS, assessing its utility and risks for overtreatment.

Preoperative depression and anxiety associated with younger age and receipt of immediate breast reconstruction.

Background: As survivorship for breast cancer continues to improve, emphasis of care falls upon improving patients' quality of life. Understanding physical and mental health in the preoperative period is needed to aid surgical decision making and improve patient experience.

Methods: Consecutive patients awaiting total mastectomy (TM), TM with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) and breast conserving surgery (BCS) were prospectively recruited.

Enhanced Electron-Spin Coherence in a GaAs Quantum Emitter.

A spin-photon interface should operate with both coherent photons and a coherent spin to enable cluster-state generation and entanglement distribution. In high-quality devices, self-assembled GaAs quantum dots are near-perfect emitters of on-demand coherent photons. However, the spin rapidly decoheres via the magnetic noise arising from the host nuclei.

Phase-Driving Hole Spin Qubits.

The spin-orbit interaction in spin qubits enables spin-flip transitions, resulting in Rabi oscillations when an external microwave field is resonant with the qubit frequency. Here, we introduce an alternative driving mechanism mediated by the strong spin-orbit interactions in hole spin qubits, where a far-detuned oscillating field couples to the qubit phase. Phase-driving at radio frequencies, orders of magnitude slower than the microwave qubit frequency, induces highly nontrivial spin dynamics, violating the Rabi resonance condition.

Best Practices for Microbial Challenge In-Use Studies to Evaluate the Microbial Growth Potential of Parenteral Biological Products; Industry and Regulatory Considerations.

Microbial challenge in-use studies are performed to evaluate the potential for microbial proliferation in preservative-free single-dose biological products after first puncture and potential accidental contamination during dose preparation (e.g., reconstitution or dilution) and storage.

Cavity-enhanced single-shot readout of a quantum dot spin within 3 nanoseconds.

Rapid, high-fidelity single-shot readout of quantum states is a ubiquitous requirement in quantum information technologies. For emitters with a spin-preserving optical transition, spin readout can be achieved by driving the transition with a laser and detecting the emitted photons. The speed and fidelity of this approach is typically limited by low photon collection rates and measurement back-action.

Proton-coupled electron transfer at SOFC electrodes.

Understanding the charge transfer processes at solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes is critical to designing more efficient and robust materials. Activation losses at SOFC electrodes have been widely attributed to the ambipolar migration of charges at the mixed ionic-electronic conductor-gas interface. Empirical Butler-Volmer kinetics based on the transition state theory is often used to model the current-voltage relationship, where charged particles transfer classically over an energy barrier.

Photon bound state dynamics from a single artificial atom.

The interaction between photons and a single two-level atom constitutes a fundamental paradigm in quantum physics. The nonlinearity provided by the atom leads to a strong dependence of the light-matter interface on the number of photons interacting with the two-level system within its emission lifetime. This nonlinearity unveils strongly correlated quasiparticles known as photon bound states, giving rise to key physical processes such as stimulated emission and soliton propagation.

Nipple margin assessment at the time of nipple-sparing mastectomy.

Background: Documenting negative margins at the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) during nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) remains the standard, but how to achieve this and how to manage a positive margin is debated. We sought to review nipple margin assessments at our institution and to analyze the risk factors of a positive margin and rate of local recurrence.

Methods: Patients who underwent NSM between 2012 and 2018 were reviewed and divided into 3 groups based on indication - cancer, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) and bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM).

A compact and versatile cryogenic probe station for quantum device testing.

Fast feedback from cryogenic electrical characterization measurements is key for the development of scalable quantum computing technology. At room temperature, high-throughput device testing is accomplished with a probe-based solution, where electrical probes are repeatedly positioned onto devices for acquiring statistical data. In this work, we present a probe station that can be operated from room temperature down to below 2 K.

Inductive Effect Alone Cannot Explain Lewis Adduct Formation and Dissociation at Electrode Interfaces.

Understanding breaking and formation of Lewis bonds at an electrified interface is relevant to a large range of phenomena, including electrocatalysis and electroadsorption. The complexities of interfacial environments and associated reactions often impede a systematic understanding of this type of bond at interfaces. To address this challenge, we report the creation of a main group classic Lewis acid-base adduct on an electrode surface and its behavior under varying electrode potentials.

Differences in Preoperative Health-Related Quality of Life between Women Receiving Mastectomy or Breast Conserving Surgery in a Prospectively Recruited Cohort of Breast Cancer Patients.

As rates of total mastectomy rise, the relationships between surgery modality with domains of health-related quality of life is not well understood. This study reports differences in depression, anxiety, pain, and health status among a cohort of women scheduled to receive total mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. Patient-reported outcomes measured preoperative differences between patients receiving total mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery in a cross-sectional design.

Correlation between Electronic Descriptor and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Thermodynamics in Doped Graphite-Conjugated Catalysts.

Graphite-conjugated catalysts (GCCs) provide a powerful framework for investigating correlations between electronic structure features and chemical reactivity of single-site heterogeneous catalysts. GCC-phenazine undergoes proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) involving protonation of phenazine at its two nitrogen atoms with the addition of two electrons. Herein, this PCET reaction is investigated in the presence of defects, such as heteroatom dopants, in the graphitic surface.

The Revised Identification of Seniors At Risk screening tool predicts readmission in older hospitalized patients: a cohort study.

Background: The Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) screening tool is a widely-used risk stratification tool for older adults in the emergency department (ED). Few studies have investigated the use of ISAR to predict outcomes of hospitalized patients. To improve usability a revised version of ISAR (ISAR-R), was developed in a quality improvement project.

Capacitively and Inductively Coupled Excitons in Bilayer MoS_{2}.

The coupling of intralayer A and B excitons and interlayer excitons (IE) is studied in a two-dimensional semiconductor, homobilayer MoS_{2}. It is shown that the measured optical susceptibility reveals both the magnitude and the phase of the coupling constants. The IE and B excitons couple via a 0-phase (capacitive) coupling; the IE and A excitons couple via a π-phase (inductive) coupling.