Punicalagin, a pomegranate polyphenol sensitizes the activity of antibiotics against three MDR pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae.

Background: Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the family Enterobacteriaceae is a perniciously increasing threat to global health security. The discovery of new antimicrobials having the reversing drug resistance potential may contribute to augment and revive the antibiotic arsenal in hand. This study aimed to explore the anti-Enterobacteriaceae capability of bioactive polyphenols from Punica granatum (P.

Characterization of Biofilms and Antibiofilm Effect of Carvacrol and 2-Aminobenzimidazole.

Biofilm-associated foodborne infections in poultry have become increasingly challenging for veterinarians, particularly in developing countries, and warrant thorough investigation. We assessed the biofilm-forming tendency of poultry isolates of , namely Typhimurium ( = 23), Infantis ( = 28), and Heidelberg ( = 18), in nutrient-rich Rappaport-Vassiliadis Soya (RVS) peptone broth and nutrient-deficient diluted Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB). Seven of the tested isolates exhibited moderate biofilm formation in diluted TSB, whereas two showed such formation in RVS.

Genomic characterization and comparative genomic analysis of HS-associated Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 strains from Pakistan.

Background: Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is a highly fatal and predominant disease in livestock, particularly cattle and buffalo in the tropical regions of the world. Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), serotypes B:2 and E:2, are reported to be the main causes of HS wherein serotype B:2 is more common in Asian countries including Pakistan and costs heavy financial losses every year.

Retraction Note: Screening and identification of bioactive compounds from citrus against non-structural protein 3 protease of hepatitis C virus genotype 3a by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay and mass spectrometry.

[This retracts the article on p. 976 in vol. 12, PMID: 33312423.

Hesperidin identified from Citrus extracts potently inhibits HCV genotype 3a NS3 protease.

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is the main cause of liver ailments across the globe. Several HCV genotypes have been identified in different parts of the world. Effective drugs for combating HCV infections are available but not affordable, particularly to infected individuals from resource-limited countries.

LC-MS/MS based appraisal of multi-mycotoxin co-occurrence in poultry feeds from different regions of Punjab, Pakistan.

Mycotoxins, being a threat to animal and human health, contribute significantly towards economic losses in the poultry sector. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based study was conducted on poultry feed samples collected from Punjab, Pakistan to evaluate the prevalence, contamination levels, and co-occurrence of multi-mycotoxins across different processed forms of the feed, types of utilities and sampling regions. All samples were found to be contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1).

Aggregation-Induced Emission of Quinoline Based Fluorescent and Colorimetric Sensors for Rapid Detection of Fe and 4-Nitrophenol in Aqueous Medium.

New quinoline based fluorescent sensors 4 and 5 were rationally synthesized that exhibited excellent aggregation induced emission (AIE) in an aqueous medium. High fluorescence emission of sensors was accompanied by a noticeable redshift in their absorption and emission spectra that corresponds to the formation of J-aggregates. An AIE feature of sensors 4 and 5 was used for selective detection of Fe and 4-NP in an aqueous medium that is attributed to the involvement of intermolecular charge transfer (ICT).

A recessive variant in TFAM causes mtDNA depletion associated with primary ovarian insufficiency, seizures, intellectual disability and hearing loss.

Mitochondrial disorders are collectively common, genetically heterogeneous disorders in both pediatric and adult populations. They are caused by molecular defects in oxidative phosphorylation, failure of essential bioenergetic supply to mitochondria, and apoptosis. Here, we present three affected individuals from a consanguineous family of Pakistani origin with variable seizures and intellectual disability.

Screening and identification of bioactive compounds from citrus against non-structural protein 3 protease of hepatitis C virus genotype 3a by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay and mass spectrometry.

Background: Hepatitis C virus genotype 3a (HCV G3a) is highly prevalent in Pakistan. Due to the elevated cost of available Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs against HCV, medicinal natural products of potent antiviral activity should be screened for the cost-effective treatment of the disease. Furthermore, from natural products, active compounds against vital HCV proteins like non-structural protein 3 (NS3) protease could be identified to prevent viral proliferation in the host.

Mass spectrometric analysis of lipid A obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of .

Haemorrhagic septicaemia is mainly caused by an opportunistic pathogen, , a major threat to the livestock dependent economies. The main endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides. The lipid A, a key pathogenic part of lipopolysaccharides, anchors it into the bacterial cell membrane.

Regioselective, one-pot, multi-component, green synthesis of substituted benzo[]pyrazolo[2,7]naphthyridines.

An efficient and environmentally benign synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of benzo[]pyrazolo[2,7]naphthyridine derivatives through regioselective multi-component "on-water" reaction of isatin, malononitrile and 3-aminopyrazole. The Knoevenagel condensation of isatin with malononitrile resulted in the formation of arylidene, which subsequently underwent Michael addition with 3-aminopyrazole followed by basic hydrolysis, cyclization, decarboxylation and aromatization to give the target naphthyridines in good to excellent yields. The one-pot multi-component protocol was also employed to obtain the said naphthyridines in a lower yield (10-15%) than obtained by basic hydrolysis of spiro-intermediates.

A facile and concise route to (hydroxybenzoyl)pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine heterocycle derivatives: synthesis, and structural, spectral and computational exploration.

In this work, we report the efficient synthesis of novel (hydroxybenzoyl)pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine heterocycle derivatives: 6-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione (6a), 6-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione (6b), 6-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione (6c) and 6-(2-hydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione (6d). The chemical structures of the title compounds were ascertained by spectral techniques including H, C NMR, UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-DFT) computation were adopted to analyze the electronic structures of 6a-d.

LC-MS/MS-based determination of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in poultry meat from the Punjab-Pakistan.

A simple, reliable and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based confirmatory method was redeveloped and validated for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in chicken muscles. The analytes were extracted from minced chicken muscle with acetonitrile and ammoniated water mixture. A second extraction with ethyl acetate was followed by evaporation and dissolution of the residue in ammoniated methanol before defatting with n-hexane.

Multiple Mycotoxins in Rice: Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment in Children and Adults of Punjab, Pakistan.

Mycotoxin contamination in rice can create a health risk for the consumers. In this study, the measurement of 23 mycotoxins in rice samples ( = 180) was performed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. A food frequency questionnaire was used to get rice consumption data for the assessment of mycotoxin dietary exposure, before calculating the health risk in adults and children of north and south regions of the Pakistani Punjab province.

Mechanisms for C(sp)-Si activation of aryltrimethylsilyl groups in palladium-catalysed couplings.

Silyl-substituted aromatic compounds can participate as the electrophilic component in palladium-catalysed cross-couplings, and reactivity is enhanced by a neighbouring silyl-group. Products analogous to those obtained from C-H activation chemistry are accessible by this means with the additional benefit of regiochemistry defined by the site of silyl substitution. DFT studies described here show that the mechanism of C-Si cleavage is distinct from previously recognised mechanisms for C-H cleavage, with a cascade of silyl intermediates en route to a stable product.

LC-MS/MS based method development for the analysis of florfenicol and its application to estimate relative distribution in various tissues of broiler chicken.

Florfenicol, a broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic belonging to amphenicol class, is widely used in poultry and livestock for the treatment of various infections. The major metabolite of florfenicol in different animal species is florfenicol amine which is exploited as the marker residue for the determination of florfenicol. Analysis of florfenicol merely by solvent extraction cannot determine the accurate amount of the drug present in incurred tissues (muscle, liver and kidney) of treated birds, as indicated by this study.

Palladium-catalysed directed C-H activation by anilides and ureas; water participation in a general base mechanism.

C-H activation plays a central role in organometallic catalysis. Concerted metallation-deprotonation (CMD) has been dominant as the pathway for C-H bond cleavage. In the course of studying the mechanism of C-H activation of arylamides and arylureas with Pd complexes as part of catalytic oxidative Heck reactions, DFT calculations were carried out.

Reactive intermediates in catalytic alkenylation; pathways for Mizoroki-Heck, oxidative Heck and Fujiwara-Moritani reactions.

Several closely related palladium-catalysed reactions involve the addition of Pd-C across an alkene, and subsequent β-elimination of Pd-H to give a more substituted alkene. The Pd-C precursor, normally possessing an sp(2) carbon bound to palladium, can be formed in several different ways, leading to sub-classes of reaction based on a common principle and convergent outcomes. The reaction pathway can vary from simple to highly subtle depending on the nature of the reactants and the ligation of the catalyst.

Anilide activation of adjacent C-H bonds in the palladium-catalysed Fujiwara-Moritani reaction.

The Pd(II)-catalysed oxidative counterpart of the Heck reaction, originally described by Fujiwara and Moritani, has been studied in detail by a combination of NMR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and substrate variation. The process involves a palladacycle that is a true intermediate in catalysis. Pd(OAc)(2) is first converted into a more electrophilic palladium species for effective catalysis, defining the main role of added acid.

Comparative catalytic C-H vs. C-Si activation of arenes with Pd complexes directed by urea or amide groups.

Analysis of regiocontrol in Pd-catalysed C-H activation leads to observations of aryltrimethylsilyl activation and to superior results with urea-based substrates.