Advancing Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Heart Failure: Overcoming Challenges and Maximizing Benefits.

The delayed titration of guideline-directed drug therapy (GDMT) is a complex event influenced by multiple factors that often result in poor prognosis for patients with heart failure (HF). Individualized adjustments in GDMT titration may be necessary based on patient characteristics, and every clinician is responsible for promptly initiating GDMT and titrating it appropriately within the patient's tolerance range. This review examines the current challenges in GDMT implementation and scrutinizes titration considerations within distinct subsets of HF patients, with the overarching goal of enhancing the adoption and effectiveness of GDMT.

Overcoming barriers for left atrial appendage thrombus: a systematic review of left atrial appendage closure.

Background: Approximately 90% of intracardial thrombi originate from the left atrial appendage in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients. Even with anticoagulant therapy, left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) still occurs in 8% of patients. While left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) could be a promising alternative, the current consensus considers LAAT a contraindication to LAAC.

Case Report: Identification of microduplication in the chromosomal 2p16.1p15 region in an infant suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension.

This study reports the first case of a patient with chromosomal 2p16.1p15 microduplication syndrome complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A female infant was admitted to the hospital suffering from dyskinesia and developmental delay, and conventional echocardiography revealed an atrial septal defect (ASD), which was not taken seriously or treated at that time.

Meta-Analysis of Pulmonary Artery Denervation for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension.

Introduction: Pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) can reduce the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, reduce pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and improve the quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We conducted a systematic meta-analysis of the effectiveness of PADN in the treatment of PH patients.

Methods: This is a comprehensive literature search including all public clinical trials investigating the effects of PADN on PH.

Neuroticism Increases the Risk of Stroke: Mendelian Randomization Study.

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Integrated analysis of mA mRNA methylation in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: N6-methyladenosine (mA) modification is one of the most common chemical modifications of eukaryotic mRNAs, which play an important role in tumors and cardiovascular disease through regulating mRNA stability, splicing and translation. However, the changes of mA mRNA and mA-related enzymes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain largely unexplored.

Methods: MeRIP-seq was used to identify mA methylation in lung tissues from control and MCT-PAH rats.

Luteolin Ameliorates Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Suppressing Hippo-YAP/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Luteolin is a flavonoid compound with a variety of pharmacological effects. In this study, we explored the effects of luteolin on monocrotaline (MCT) induced rat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and underlying mechanisms. A rat PAH model was generated through MCT injection.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis by regulating oxidative stress and Smad3 acetylation.

Aims: Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of progressive heart diseases currently lacking effective treatment. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a member of the vitamin B family, is a defined biosynthetic precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Its beneficial effects on cardiac diseases are known, but its effects on cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.

NAD and cardiovascular diseases.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays pivotal roles in controlling many biochemical processes. 'NAD' refers to the chemical backbone irrespective of charge, whereas 'NAD' and 'NADH' refers to oxidized and reduced forms, respectively. NAD/NADH ratio is essential for maintaining cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis and for modulating energy metabolism.

Adiponectin protects HL-1 cardiomyocytes against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity through AMPK activation.

The relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction or ER stress with pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is well documented, but the crosstalk between them in cardiovascular diseases is not clear. Adiponectin (APN) is reported to become a potential cardioprotective molecule, but whether and how APN regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress is not clear. In this study, we used rotenone-treated HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model of mitochondrial dysfunction to investigate the possible interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress and explore the effects of APN on rotenone-induced cytotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms.

CD38: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease.

Substantial research has demonstrated the association between cardiovascular disease and the dysregulation of intracellular calcium, ageing, reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+ content, and decrease in sirtuin activity. CD38, which comprises the soluble type, type II, and type III, is the main NADase in mammals. This molecule catalyses the production of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR), nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR), which stimulate the release of Ca, accompanied by NAD+ consumption and decreased sirtuin activity.

The Clinical Applications of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (enMSCs) are a class of novel adult stem cells with self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, low immunogenicity, low tumorigenicity, and other biological characteristics. Since the discovery of enMSCs, they have become a hot research topic. In recent years, research on enMSC isolation and application have made great progress.