Neutrophil-Derived IL-17 Promotes Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury p38 MAPK/MCP-1 Pathway Activation.

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is one of the most common complications of mechanical ventilation and can severely affect health. VILI appears to involve excessive inflammatory responses, but its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Since interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays a critical role in the immune system and the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases, we investigated here whether it plays a role in VILI.

Mitophagy-Mediated mtDNA Release Aggravates Stretching-Induced Inflammation and Lung Epithelial Cell Injury via the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.

Background: In animal models of ventilation-induced lung injury, mitophagy triggers mitochondria damage and the release of mitochondrial (mt) DNA, which activates inflammation. However, the mechanism of this process is unclear.

Methods: A model of cyclic stretching (CS)-induced lung epithelial cell injury was established.

Clinical impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on outcomes after one-lung ventilation during thoracic surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The preoperative presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been recently demonstrated to be a risk factor for adverse events after thoracic surgery. However, the specific effects of presence of DM preoperatively on thoracic surgery is not known. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative DM and clinical outcomes and the short-term survival rates after thoracic surgery.

Impact of Sevoflurane Versus Propofol Anesthesia on Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Cancer Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND Research on the clinical outcomes of surgical patients anaesthetized with sevoflurane and the association of sevoflurane with post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is scarce. We evaluated whether sevoflurane-based anesthesia increased the incidence of POCD and worsened prognosis compared to propofol-based anesthesia in elderly cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This single-center, prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial included 234 patients aged 65 to 86 years undergoing tumor resection who received sevoflurane-based (Group S) or propofol-based (Group P) anesthesia during surgery.

Ly-6C inflammatory-monocyte recruitment is regulated by p38 MAPK/MCP-1 activation and promotes ventilator-induced lung injury.

Lymphocyte antigen 6Chigh (Ly-6C) inflammatory monocytes, as novel mononuclear cells in the innate immune system, participate in infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential role of these monocytes in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and the possible mechanism involved in their migration to lung tissue. Our results showed that mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (HTV) increased the accumulation of Ly-6C inflammatory monocytes in lung tissues and that blocking C‑C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) could significantly reduce Ly-6C inflammatory-monocyte migration and attenuate the degree of inflammation of lung tissues.

Non-intubated anesthesia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Non-intubated anesthesia (NIA) has been proposed for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), although how the benefit-to-risk of NIA compares to that of intubated general anesthesia (IGA) for certain types of patients remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to understand whether NIA or IGA may be more beneficial for patients undergoing VATS.

Methods: A systematic search of Cochrane Library, Pubmed and Embase databases from 1968 to April 2019 was performed using predefined criteria.

High Tidal Volume Induces Mitochondria Damage and Releases Mitochondrial DNA to Aggravate the Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether high tidal volume (HTV) induce mitochondria damage and mitophagy, contributing to the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Another aim of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanism of mtDNA in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in rats.

Methods: Rats were tracheotomized and allowed to breathe spontaneously or mechanically ventilated for 4 h.

Conscious Sedation versus General Anesthesia for Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of conscious sedation (CS) with general anesthesia (GA) on clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Registers of Controlled Trials (from inception to July 2017) were searched for reports on CS and GA of AIS undergoing EVT. Two reviewers assessed the eligibility of the identified studies and extracted data.

[Study on Rac1/MAPK/ERK pathway mediated mechanism and role in rats with ventilator induced lung injury].

Objective: To investigate the role of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Rac1/MAPK/ERK) signal pathway in rats with ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) and its mechanism.

Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into spontaneous respiration group, normal tidal volume (VT) group and high VT group with 10 rats in each group. The rats in spontaneous respiration group were kept their spontaneous breathing.

Comparison of three ventilatory modes during one-lung ventilation in elderly patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of three different ventilatory modes: volume controlled ventilation (VCV), pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) and pressure controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) on arterial oxygenation and airway pressure during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in elderly patients.

Methods: We enrolled 66 patients who underwent thoracic surgery requiring at least 1 hour of OLV and aged above 65 years into the study. Patients were classified into VCV, PCV and PCV-VG groups according to a controlled, randomized design.

Mechanical ventilation modulates Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 on alveolar macrophages in a ventilator-induced lung injury model.

Objective: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, TLR9 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) on alveolar macrophages in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).

Methods: Male, adult pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were used in this study. Animals were tracheotomized and allowed to breathe spontaneously for 4 h or mechanically ventilated for 4 h with low or high tidal volume (7 or 40 mL/kg).

Differential expression of HIF-1α, AQP-1, and VEGF under acute hypoxic conditions in the non-ventilated lung of a one-lung ventilation rat model.

Aims: One-lung ventilation (OLV) is a standard practice in thoracic surgery. However, OLV can give rise to arterial hypoxemia. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) may be involved in arterial hypoxemia and contribute to cellular injury.

[The impacts of regulating Toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-ΚB signal pathway on rats with ventilator-induced lung injury].

Objective: To evaluate the role of Toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-ΚB (TLR2/NF-ΚB) signaling pathway pretreatment in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).

Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups by using random number scale, with 10 rats in each group. Group A: rats were given 200 μL of TLR2 monoclonal antibodies (TLR2mAb, 10 μg/kg) by slow instillation through tracheal catheter, and then ventilated with a high tidal volume (VT) of 40 mL/kg.

Pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled ventilation during one-lung ventilation in elderly patients with poor pulmonary function.

Objective: THE AIM WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT VENTILATORY STRATEGIES: Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) versus volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) in elderly patients with poor pulmonary function during one-lung ventilation (OLV).

Patients And Methods: The patients were enrolled into the study having poor pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s <1.5 L) and undergoing radical resection of pulmonary carcinoma requiring at least 2 h of OLV.

[Role and mechanism of signal pathway mediated by Toll-like receptor 9-myeloid differentiation factor 88 in alveolar macrophages in ventilator-induced lung injury in rats].

Objective: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signal pathway in alveolar macrophages in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).

Methods: 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to three groups (with 10 rats in each group). Group A was the control group, with spontaneous respiration after tracheostomy.