Swarming bacteria exhibit developmental phase transitions to establish scattered colonies in new regions.

The bacterial Type 9 Secretion System (T9SS) is essential for the development of periodontal diseases and Bacteroidetes gliding motility. T9SS-driven motile bacteria, abundant within the human oral microbiota, transport non-motile oral microbes and bacteriophages as cargo, shaping the spatial structure of polymicrobial communities. However, the physical rules governing the dispersal of T9SS-driven bacterial swarms are barely understood.

C-C Bond Cleavage Mediated Reaction for Constructing 3-Carbonyl Imidazo[1,5-] Pyridines from 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds and Pyridin-2-ylmethanamines.

A [4 + 1] cyclization and C-C bond cleavage process mediated reaction for constructing 3-carbonyl imidazo[1,5-] pyridines from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and pyridin-2-ylmethanamines has been developed. Various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are applicable, and selectivity could be achieved. Importantly, this strategy could be extended to an atom economy method by employing a cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, and it provided a new view for C-C bond cleavage reactions.

Measuring the space between vagina and rectum as it relates to rectocele.

Aim: To measure the normal space between the posterior wall of the vagina and the anterior wall of the respectively rectum using computed tomography (CT) and reveal its were relationship to rectocele.

Methods: A total of twenty female volunteers without rectocele were examined by CT scan. We performed a middle level continuous horizontal pelvic scan from the upper part to the lower part and collected the measurement data to analyze the results using t-test.