β-Glucan fragmentation by microfluidization and TNF-α-immunostimulating activity of fragmented β-glucans.

Fragmentation of β-glucans secreted by the fungus BCC 2073 achieved by microfluidization was investigated. The degree of β-glucan fragmentation was evaluated based on the average number of chain scissions (α). The effects on the α value of experimental variables like solid concentration of the β-glucan suspension, interaction chamber pressure, and number of passes through the microfluidizer were examined.

Relationship of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities in leaf extracts.

(GI) is a green leafy vegetable used in the Northern Thai cuisine which has antioxidant activities and may be applicable for preventing oxidative stress and aging-related disease. However, understanding the relationship between GI phytonutrients and their antioxidant properties has been unclear. The aims of this study were to identify the GI leaf phytochemicals and to study their antioxidant activities.

Phytosome Supplements for Delivering Phytonutrients to Prevent Inflammation in Macrophages and Insulin Resistance in Adipocytes.

(GI) is a leafy green vegetable found in the northern region of Thailand. A GI leaf extract has been developed as a dietary supplement for metabolic diabetic control. However, the active compounds in the GI leaf extract are relatively nonpolar.

Development of Chrysin Loaded Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion for Improving Bioaccessibility.

Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a remarkable flavonoid exhibiting many health-promoting activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, chrysin has been addressed regarding its limited applications, due to low bioaccessibility. Therefore, to improve chrysin bioaccessibility, a colloidal delivery system involving nanoemulsion was developed as chrysin nanoemulsion (chrysin-NE) using an oil-in-water system.

Tandem mass spectrometry of aqueous extract from Ficus dubia sap and its cell-based assessments for use as a skin antioxidant.

Since 2006, Ficus dubia has been reported as a new Ficus species in Thailand. As per our recent report, the red-brown aqueous extract of F. dubia sap (FDS) has been determined to strongly exhibit in vitro anti-radicals.

Inhibitory effects of Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne leaf extracts and its triterpene saponin on carbohydrate digestion and intestinal glucose absorption.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chiang-Da, Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. (GI), is an ethnomedicinal plant that has been used for diabetic treatment since ancient times.

Synthesis and anticervical cancer activity of novel pH responsive micelles for oral curcumin delivery.

Curcumin (CM) has demonstrated safety and efficacy as a drug, but its pharmaceutical role is restricted as a result of extremely low aqueous solubility, rapid systemic elimination, inadequate tissue absorption and degradation at alkaline pH; properties that severely curtail its bioavailability. To address this issue, CM was encapsulated within pH responsive amphiphilic chitosan, resulting in the formation of 100 nm spontaneously self-assembled polymeric micelles in water. The amphiphilic chitosan, namely N-benzyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan (BSCS), was prepared by reductive N-benzylation and N,O-succinylation.

Influence of curcumin-loaded cationic liposome on anticancer activity for cervical cancer therapy.

The delivery of curcumin has been explored in the form of liposomal nanoparticles to treat various cancer cells. Since curcumin is water insoluble and an effective delivery route is through encapsulation in liposomes, which were modified with three components of DDAB, cholesterol and non-ionic surfactant. The purpose of this study was to establish a critical role of DDAB in liposomes containing curcumin at cellular response against two types of cell lines (HeLa and SiHa).

Encapsulation of citral isomers in extracted lemongrass oil with cyclodextrins: molecular modeling and physicochemical characterizations.

The complexation between two isomers of citral in lemongrass oil and varying types of cyclodextrins (CDs), α-CD, β-CD, and HP-β-CD, were studied by molecular modeling and physicochemical characterization. The results obtained revealed that the most favorable complex formation governing between citrals in lemongrass oil and CDs were found at a 1:2 mole ratio for all CDs. Complex formation between E-citral and CD was more favorable than between Z-citral and CD.

Nondestructive rheological measurement of aqueous dispersions of solid lipid nanoparticles: effects of lipid types and concentrations on dispersion consistency.

Purpose: To investigate dispersion consistency of solid lipid nanoparticles as functions of lipid types and concentrations.

Methods: Viscoelastic measurement at an application of low stress was employed to characterize the internal microstructure developed within the dispersions. Pure triglycerides with different length of fatty acid chains, trimyristin (C14), tripalmitin (C16), and tristearin (C18) were studied with respect to the partial triglyceride with C22 chain length (Compritol 888 ATO), and cetyl palmitate wax (C16).

Rheological and morphological characterizations on physical stability of gamma-oryzanol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs).

In the present study, gamma-oryzanol was incorporated into glycerol behenate (Compritol 888 ATO) nanoparticles (SLNs) at 5 and 10% (w/w) of lipid phase. Increasing lipid phase concentration resulted in increased consistency and particle diameter of SLNs. Upon storage over 60 days at 4, 25 and 40 degrees C, the instability was observed by rheological analysis for all samples due to the formation of gelation.