Collagen Hydrogel Tube Microbioreactors for Cell and Tissue Manufacturing.

The production of mammalian cells in large quantities is essential for various applications. However, scaling up cell culture using existing bioreactors poses significant technical challenges and high costs. To address this, we previously developed an innovative 3D culture system, known as the AlgTube cell culture system, for high-density cell cultivation.

Synergistic enhancement of the mouse Pramex1 and Pramel1 in repressing retinoic acid (RA) signaling during gametogenesis.

Background: PRAME constitutes one of the largest multi-copy gene families in Eutherians, encoding cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) with leucine-rich repeats (LRR) domains, highly expressed in cancer cells and gametogenic germ cells. This study aims to elucidate genetic interactions between two members, Pramex1 and Pramel1, in the mouse Prame family during gametogenesis using a gene knockout approach.

Result: Single-gene knockout (sKO) of either Pramex1 or Pramel1 resulted in approximately 7% of abnormal seminiferous tubules, characterized by a Sertoli-cell only (SCO) phenotype, impacting sperm count and fecundity significantly.

Fabrication of robust and cost-efficient Hoffmann-type MOF sensors for room temperature ammonia detection.

The development of fast-response sensors for detecting NH at room temperature remains a formidable challenge. Here, to address this challenge, two highly robust Hoffmann-type metal-organic frameworks are rationally applied as the NH sensing materials which possess ultra-high static adsorption capacity for NH, only lower than the current benchmark material. The adsorption mechanism is in-depth unveiled by dynamic adsorption and simulation studies.

Epigenetic mechanism of Gtl2-miRNAs causes the primitive sheep characteristics found in purebred Merino sheep.

Background: It is not uncommon for some individuals to retain certain primitive characteristics even after domestication or long-term intensive selection. Wild ancestors or original varieties of animals typically possess strong adaptability to environmental preservation, a trait that is often lacking in highly artificially selected populations. In the case of the Merino population, a world-renowned fine wool sheep breed, a phenotype with primitive coarse wool characteristic has re-emerged.

Mouse Pramel1 regulates spermatogonial development by inhibiting retinoic acid signaling during spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenesis begins when cell fate-committed prospermatogonia migrate to the basement membrane and initiate spermatogenesis in response to retinoic acid (RA) in the neonatal testis. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in this process are not fully understood. Here, we report findings on the involvement of a cancer/testis antigen, PRAMEL1, in the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis.

Short-Wavelength Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Diodes from A-D-A'-D-A Type Small Molecules with Emission beyond 1100 nm.

Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted great interest due to their potential applications in biological imaging, infrared lighting, optical communication, environmental monitoring, and surveillance. Due to an intrinsic limitation posed by the energy-gap law, achieving high-brightness in SWIR OLEDs remains a challenge. Herein, the study reports the use of novel A-D-A'-D-A type small molecules NTQ and BTQ for high-performance SWIR OLEDs.

Structural Phase Transformations Induced by Guest Molecules in a Nickel-Based 2D Square Lattice Coordination Network.

Herein, we report the crystal structure and guest binding properties of a new two-dimensional (2D) square lattice () topology coordination network, , which is comprised of two linker ligands with diazene (azo) moieties, ()-1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)diazene(azpy) and ()-5-(phenyldiazenyl)isophthallate(pdia). underwent guest-induced switching between a closed (nonporous) phase and several open (porous) phases, but unlike the clay-like layer expansion to distinct phases previously reported in switching networks, a continuum of phases was formed. In effect, exhibited elastic-like properties induced by adaptive guest binding.

Highly Robust Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Ethylene Purification under Dry and Humid Conditions.

Two C H -selective metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents with ultrahigh stability, high surface areas, and suitable pore size have been designed and synthesized for one-step separation of ethane/ethylene (C H /C H ) under humid conditions to produce polymer-grade pure C H . Experimental results reveal that these two MOFs not only adsorb a high amount of C H but also display good C H /C H selectivity verified by fixed bed column breakthrough experiments. Most importantly, the good water stability and hydrophobic pore environments make these two MOFs capable of efficiently separating C H /C H under humid conditions, exhibiting the benchmark performance among all reported adsorbents for separation of C H /C H under humid conditions.

Role of the bovine PRAMEY protein in sperm function during in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer/testis antigen (CTA) that is predominantly expressed in normal male gonad tissues and a variety of tumors. PRAME proteins are present in the acrosome and sperm tail, but their role in sperm function is unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the function of the bovine Y-linked PRAME (PRAMEY) during spermatozoal capacitation, the acrosome reaction (AR), and fertilization.

The Dynamic of PRAMEY Isoforms in Testis and Epididymis Suggests Their Involvement in Spermatozoa Maturation.

The preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma, Y-linked (PRAMEY) is a cancer/testis antigen expressed predominantly in bovine spermatogenic cells, playing an important role in germ cell formation. To better understand PRAMEY's function during spermatogenesis, we studied the dynamics of PRAMEY isoforms by Western blotting (WB) with PRAMEY-specific antibodies. The PRAMEY protein was assessed in the bovine testicular and epididymal spermatozoa, fluid and tissues, and as well as in ejaculated semen.

Bottom-Up Synthesis of 8-Connected Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Ethylene/Ethane Separation.

Developing cost-/energy-efficient separation techniques for purifying ethylene from an ethylene/ethane mixture is highly important but very challenging in the industrial process. Herein, using a bottom-up [8 + 2] construction approach, we rationally designed and synthesized three three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with 8-connected networks, which can selectively remove ethane from an ethylene/ethane mixture with high efficiency. These COF materials, which are fabricated by the condensation reaction of a customer-designed octatopic aldehyde monomer with linear diamino linkers, possess high crystallinity, good structural robustness, and high porosity.

Toward High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics: Perspectives on the Origin and Role of Energetic Disorder.

The power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics is strongly limited by relatively large energy loss, which is partially due to the disordered nature of organic semiconductors. This disordered nature not only hinders the rational design of molecules with excellent photophysical properties but also prevents a more thorough understanding of the inherent link between microscopic parameters and physical phenomena. In this Perspective, we demonstrate that the injection-dependent emission line-shape in organic semiconductors is primarily associated with a state-filling effect, where the extent of spectral blue-shift can be a strong indicator for energetic disorder.

Template-Directed Fabrication of Highly Efficient Metal-Organic Framework Photocatalysts.

Photocatalysis is a powerful and versatile tool widely applied in the areas of synthesis chemistry. However, most of the photocatalysts currently used are homogeneous catalysts, which inevitably face issues such as product-catalyst separation and recyclability. Addressing this challenge, we utilized a homogeneous Ru photocatalyst as a structure-directing template to fabricate a series of isostructural photocatalyst-encapsulating metal-organic frameworks (photocatalyst@MOFs) with high porosity, robustness, and photocatalyst loading.

Efficient propyne/propadiene separation by microporous crystalline physiadsorbents.

Selective separation of propyne/propadiene mixture to obtain pure propadiene (allene), an essential feedstock for organic synthesis, remains an unsolved challenge in the petrochemical industry, thanks mainly to their similar physicochemical properties. We herein introduce a convenient and energy-efficient physisorptive approach to achieve propyne/propadiene separation using microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Specifically, HKUST-1, one of the most widely studied high surface area MOFs that is available commercially, is found to exhibit benchmark performance (propadiene production up to 69.

Scalable Room-Temperature Synthesis of Highly Robust Ethane-Selective Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Ethylene Purification.

The development of new techniques and materials that can separate ethylene from ethane is highly relevant in modern applications. Although adsorption-based separation techniques using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing attention, the relatively low stability (especially water resistance) and unscalable synthesis of MOFs severely limit their application in real industrial scenarios. Addressing these challenges, we rationally designed and synthesized two new CH-selective MOF adsorbents ( and ) with ultrahigh chemical and thermal stability, including water resistance.

Subcellular localization of the mouse PRAMEL1 and PRAMEX1 reveals multifaceted roles in the nucleus and cytoplasm of germ cells during spermatogenesis.

Background: Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer/testis antigen (CTA) that is predominantly expressed in normal gametogenic tissues and a variety of tumors. Members of the PRAME gene family encode leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins that provide a versatile structural framework for the formation of protein-protein interactions. As a nuclear receptor transcriptional regulator, PRAME has been extensively studied in cancer biology and is believed to play a role in cancer cell proliferation by suppressing retinoic acid (RA) signaling.

321 W high-efficiency continuous-wave green laser produced by single-pass frequency doubling of narrow-linewidth fiber laser.

In this study, a high-power continuous-wave green laser for copper processing is investigated. The laser is produced by single-pass second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a narrow-linewidth fiber laser. Based on Sellmeier equations, the factors (e.

The PRAME family of cancer testis antigens is essential for germline development and gametogenesis†.

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) belongs to a group of cancer/testis antigens that are predominately expressed in the testis and a variety of tumors, and are involved in immunity and reproduction. Much of the attention on PRAME has centered on cancer biology as PRAME is a prognostic biomarker for a wide range of cancers and a potential immunotherapeutic target. Less information is available about the PRAME family's function (s) during gametogenesis and in the overall reproduction process.

Highly efficient synchronization of sheep skin fibroblasts at G2/M phase and isolation of sheep Y chromosomes by flow cytometric sorting.

At present, based on whole genome sequencing, sequences and genes annotation of the sheep (Ovis aries) Y chromosome are still absent. The isolation of Y chromosomes followed by sequencing has been approved as an effective approach to analyze this complex chromosome in other species. In this study, we established a highly efficient synchronization method for G2/M phase of sheep fibroblasts, which was successfully applied to flow-sorting chromosomes of sheep, with a focus on isolation and sequencing of the ovine Y chromosome.

Early cleavage of preimplantation embryos is regulated by tRNA-derived small RNAs present in mature spermatozoa.

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) from spermatozoa could act as acquired epigenetic factors and contribute to offspring phenotypes. However, the roles of specific tsRNAs in early embryo development remain to be elucidated. Here, using pigs as a research model, we probed the tsRNA dynamics during spermatogenesis and sperm maturation and demonstrated the delivery of tsRNAs from semen-derived exosomes to spermatozoa.

Deletion of the mouse X-linked Prame gene causes germ cell reduction in spermatogenesis.

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is cancer/testis antigen and a transcriptional repressor, inhibiting the signaling of retinoic acid through the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) for promoting cell proliferation and preventing cell apoptosis in cancer cells. The role of PRAME in testis and germline is unknown. We report here the generation and characterization of an X-linked Prame conditional knockout (cKO) mouse.

Genome-wide profiling of RNA editing sites in sheep.

Background: The widely observed RNA-DNA differences (RDDs) have been found to be due to nucleotide alteration by RNA editing. Canonical RNA editing (i.e.

Molecular profiling demonstrates modulation of immune cell function and matrix remodeling during luteal rescue†.

The corpus luteum (CL) is essential for maintenance of pregnancy in all mammals and luteal rescue, which occurs around day 16-19 in the cow, is necessary to maintain luteal progesterone production. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling were performed to compare the day 17 bovine CL of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Among mRNA and proteins measured, 140 differentially abundant mRNA and 24 differentially abundant proteins were identified.