Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage and risk factors among individuals with disabilities.

Background: Vaccination is a crucial strategy in responding to infectious diseases. We investigated the COVID-19 vaccination coverage among people with disabilities compared to people without disabilities. We identified risk factors of under-vaccination and vulnerable subgroups.

Astrocytes in the External Globus Pallidus Selectively Represent Routine Formation During Repeated Reward-Seeking in Mice.

The external globus pallidus (GPe) is a central part of the basal ganglia indirect pathway implicated in movement and decision-making. As a hub connecting the dorsal striatum and subthalamic nucleus (STN), the GPe guides repetitive and routine behaviors. However, it remains unknown how diverse GPe cells engage in routine formation while learning action sequences in repetitive reward-seeking conditioning.

Analysis of volatiles and α-dicarbonyl compounds in Maillard reaction products derived from 2'-fucosyllactose and amino acids.

This study aims to investigate the volatile and α-dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs) formed in Maillard reactions between 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and amino acids, with the goal of exploring their potential as flavoring agents and enhancing food quality and safety. The effects of pH, temperature, reaction time, and amino acid concentration on α-DC production were evaluated. Fucose generated the most α-DCs, whereas 2'-FL produced the least.

Serum sickness-like reactions clinical characteristics and management: A systematic review.

Background: Serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR) is an adverse reaction mainly to drugs/infectious agents/ vaccines, characterized by the presence of rash, arthralgia/arthritis and occasionally fever.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, implicated agents, symptomatology, and management of SSLR.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.

XROps: a Visual Workflow Management System for Dynamic Immersive Analytics.

Immersive analytics is gaining attention across multiple domains due to its capability to facilitate intuitive data analysis in expansive environments through user interaction with data. However, creating immersive analytics systems for specific tasks is challenging due to the need for programming expertise and significant development effort. Despite the introduction of various immersive visualization authoring toolkits, domain experts still face hurdles in adopting immersive analytics into their workflow, particularly when faced with dynamically changing tasks and data in real time.

Assessment of climate change impact on landscape tree distribution and sustainability in South Korea using MaxEnt-based modeling.

The rapidly changing climate is impacting species globally at an unprecedented rate, including humans. Consequently, extensive research is being conducted on the impacts of climate change on indigenous and vulnerable species. However, landscape trees, which are cultivated and managed by humans, receive less attention despite their significant role in urban environments.

Multi-Sensor Wearable Device with Transformer-Powered Two-Stream Fusion Model for Real-Time Leg Workout Monitoring.

Leg workout-based monitoring provides valuable insights into physical and neurological health, supporting healthcare professionals and facilitating in-depth analysis. However, current single sensing modalities technologies are limited by size constraints, environmental sensitivity, and accuracy issues. Furthermore, despite the widespread use of deep learning (DL) methods for sensor-based gesture recognition methods, they still encounter challenges in feature extraction.

Concurrent Validity of Wearable Nanocomposite Strain Sensor with Two-Dimensional Goniometer and its Reliability for Monitoring Knee Active Range of Motion in Multiple Participants.

The range of motion (ROM) of joints in the human body is essential for movement and functional performance. Real-time monitoring of joint angles is crucial for confirming pathologic biomechanics, providing feedback during rehabilitation, and evaluating the treatment efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the concurrent validity of a wearable nanocomposite strain sensor with a two-dimensional electrical goniometer and its repeatability for measuring knee ROM during repetitive joint movements in 10 healthy female participants.

Beyond Message-Passing: Generalization of Graph Neural Networks via Feature Perturbation for Semi-Supervised Node Classification.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) that collect information from neighbors are commonly utilized in semi-supervised learning contexts. In particular, a significant body of research has been dedicated to developing effective graph filters and aggregation methods to filter the information from adjacent nodes. Despite their efficacy, these approaches may encounter challenges due to the sparsity of training nodes, especially when their features are represented as sparse vectors (e.

Multicompartmental Hydrogel Microspheres with a Concentric Thin Oil Layer: Protecting and Targeting Therapeutic Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Although oral delivery of therapeutic agents offers numerous benefits, its application is limited due to the digestive tract's harsh conditions (e.g., strong acidity and high osmolarity), which impair activity and create challenges in achieving targeted release into the intestine.

Cas9-mediated gene-editing frequency in microalgae is doubled by harnessing the interaction between importin α and phytopathogenic NLSs.

Pathogen-derived nuclear localization signals (NLSs) enable vigorous nuclear invasion in the host by the virulence proteins harboring them. Herein, inspired by the robust nuclear import mechanism, we show that NLSs originating from the plant infection-associated proteins VirD2 and VirE2 can be incorporated into the Cas9 system as efficient nuclear delivery enhancers, thereby improving the low gene-editing frequency in a model microalga, , caused by poor nuclear localization of the bulky nuclease. Prior to evaluation of the NLSs, IPA1 (Cre04.

All-Organic Flexible Piezoelectric Self-Powered Sensors Through Gradient Engineering of P(VDF-TrFE) Fibers and PEDOT:PSS.

Electrospinning-derived piezoelectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE) fibers represent promising materials for piezoelectric self-powered sensors in wearable and biomedical applications, attributed to their lightweight nature, flexibility, and superior piezoelectric properties. However, integrating effective electrodes with P(VDF-TrFE) fibers remains challenging. Metal electrodes often fail to maintain stable contact on complex fiber surfaces, while conductive polymer electrodes face limitations in conductivity and chemical compatibility with P(VDF-TrFE).

Thermo-Responsive Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Bottlebrush Polymers via Cascade Enyne Metathesis Polymerization.

Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) is a biocompatible polymer with a temperature-sensitive behavior that exhibits hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase transition in response to temperature changes via lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Typically, the LCST of PiPrOxs changes significantly depending on their molecular weight or concentration. In this study, bottlebrush polymers (PiPrOx-BPs) are created using cascade enyne metathesis polymerization of PiPrOx-based macromonomer.

Diagnostic Value of Surveillance 18F-FDG PET/CT in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Curative Therapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of surveillance FDG PET/CT for detection of clinically unexpected recurrent disease or second primary malignancy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients who underwent curative treatment.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 739 consecutive patients with HNSCC who underwent 2396 surveillance FDG PET/CT scans. Surveillance FDG PET/CT scans were defined as routine follow-up scans after curative therapy without suspicion of recurrence.

Population-Scale Studies of Protein S Abnormalities and Thrombosis.

Importance: Clinical decision-making in thrombotic disorders is impeded by long-standing uncertainty regarding the magnitude of venous and arterial thrombosis risk associated with low protein S. Population-scale multiomic datasets offer an unprecedented opportunity to answer questions regarding the epidemiology and clinical impacts of protein S deficiency.

Objective: To evaluate the risk associated with protein S deficiency across multiple thrombosis phenotypes.

Genetic distribution of polymorphisms in the shadow of prion protein (SPRN) gene in Jeju black cattle.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in cattle that poses risks to public health and has economic consequences. The shadow of prion protein encoded by the shadow of prion protein (SPRN) gene affects prion disease progression. A 12-base-pair indel polymorphism in the SPRN gene has been implicated in BSE susceptibility in Polish cattle.

Safety of Indocyanine Green Microdosing for Clinical Imaging of CSF Ventricular Dynamics and Extracranial Outflow.

Background And Purpose: Intravenous administration of indocyanine green (ICG) has been approved in brain surgeries for decades, yet concerns about neurotoxicity prevent its direct administration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Armed with prior animal studies demonstrating the feasibility of using ICG microdosing into the CSF, we sought to evaluate its nonclinical safety profile and obtain surrogate measures in adults prior to its use in human neonates.

Methods: Evaluation of ICG toxicity was conducted in mixed primary CNS cell cultures and in an extended safety study of juvenile rat pups deploying intraventricular injections of saline (as control) or ICG.

Extracellular vesicles of SLAM216 ameliorate skin symptoms of atopic dermatitis by regulating gut microbiome on serotonin metabolism.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a globally prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, resulting in considerable therapeutic challenges. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of the interaction between AD and gut microbiome.

Data-driven model as a post-process for daily streamflow prediction in ungauged basins.

Streamflow prediction in ungauged basins (PUB) remains a significant challenge in water resource planning and management. Although recent studies have proposed various approaches to reduce prediction errors using data-driven models (DDMs), further efforts are needed to improve applicability and accuracy of predictions in ungauged basins. This study proposes a framework that utilizes DDM as a post-processor to enhance the PUB performance of process-based models (PBMs) or DDMs and investigates its applicability.

Strategies for the prevention of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation in East Asia: clinical features, changes and challenges.

East Asian populations exhibit a high burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) and AF-related ischemic strokes. The countries/regions in East Asia have diversities regarding patient characteristics and varying patient care represented by different adherence rates to the ABC (Atrial Fibrillation Better Care) pathway. Two changes, "from non-anticoagulation to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)" and "from lower dosing to appropriate dosing DOACs", have been identified in East Asia and have been temporally linked to improved clinical outcomes in AF patients.

Generative Deep Learning-Based Efficient Design of Organic Molecules with Tailored Properties.

Innovative approaches to design molecules with tailored properties are required in various research areas. Deep learning methods can accelerate the discovery of new materials by leveraging molecular structure-property relationships. In this study, we successfully developed a generative deep learning (Gen-DL) model that was trained on a large experimental database (DB) including 71,424 molecule/solvent pairs and was able to design molecules with target properties in various solvents.

Managing Complex Hepatocellular Carcinoma Subtypes: Diffuse Infiltrative, Large Tumours, and Tumour Rupture-The Challenges and Strategies.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer globally, third most common cause of cancer-related death, and most common primary liver malignancy. Whilst nodular well-defined HCC remains the classical phenotype, presentations with infiltrative phenotype, very large HCC, and complications as tumour rupture provide immense diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Infiltrative HCC is difficult to distinguish against the background cirrhotic liver.

Explainable machine learning for health disparities: type 2 diabetes in the research program.

Unlabelled: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality and a disproportionate impact on minority groups. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to characterize T2D risk factors; however, it has not been used to study T2D health disparities. Our objective was to use explainable ML methods to discover and characterize T2D health disparity risk factors.

Hypoxia-Induced Cardiopulmonary Remodeling and Recovery: Critical Roles of the Proximal Pulmonary Artery, Macrophages, and Exercise.

Hypoxemia impairs cardiopulmonary function. We investigated pulmonary artery remodeling in mice exposed to chronic hypoxia for up to five weeks and quantified associated changes in cardiac and lung function, without or with subsequent normoxic recovery in the absence or presence of exercise or pharmacological intervention. Hypoxia-induced stiffening of the proximal pulmonary artery stemmed primarily from remodeling of the adventitial collagen, which resulted in part from altered inter-cellular signaling associated with phenotypic changes in the mural smooth muscle cells and macrophages.

Paired primary-metastasis patient-derived organoids and mouse models identify phenotypic evolution and druggable dependencies of peritoneal metastasis from appendiceal cancer.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a common yet deadly manifestation of gastrointestinal cancers, with few effective treatments. To identify targetable determinants of peritoneal metastasis, we focused on appendiceal adenocarcinoma (AC), a gastrointestinal cancer that metastasizes almost exclusively to the peritoneum. Current treatments are extrapolated from colorectal cancer (CRC), yet AC has distinct genomic alterations, mucinous morphology and peritoneum restricted metastatic pattern.