Preparation of hemin-bound chitosan flakes and their dye decolorizing ability.

Hemin was immobilized on chitosan flakes using the conventional ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide system to produce hemin-bound chitosan (HC) flakes. The HC flakes demonstrated oxidation ability in the presence of HO, similar to hemin, but with improved photostability and reusability caused by immobilization on chitosan flakes. While the HC flakes did not adsorb cationic dyes such as Methylene blue and Rhodamine B, they effectively adsorbed anionic dyes such as eosin Y and Congo red, while hemin did not adsorb either of these two dyes.

Older Adults with Diabetes in Korea: Latest Clinical and Epidemiologic Trends.

Backgruound: Diabetes in older adults is becoming a significant public burden to South Korea. However, a comprehensive understanding of epidemiologic trends and the detailed clinical characteristics of older adults with diabetes is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated epidemiologic trends and the metabolic and lifestyle characteristics of diabetes in Korean older adults.

Prevalence, Incidence, and Metabolic Characteristics of Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Korea (2010-2020).

Backgruound: This study aimed to examine trends in the prevalence, incidence, metabolic characteristics, and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young adults in South Korea.

Methods: Young adults with T2DM were defined as individuals aged 19 to 39 years who met the diagnostic criteria for T2DM. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Customized Database (2010-2020, n=225,497-372,726) were analyzed to evaluate trends in T2DM prevalence, incidence, metabolic profiles, comorbidities, and antidiabetic drug prescription.

Psychological resilience to trauma and longitudinal sleep outcomes among current and former nurses.

Objective: A life-disrupting stressor (e.g. pandemic) may cause or exacerbate poor sleep health; resilience may offset impacts.

Differences in functional recovery after unilateral versus bilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Understanding functional changes between unilateral and simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients remains limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in recovery times between unilateral and bilateral TKA.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited patients who met the eligibility criteria.

Transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) to humans: A systematic review of individual participant data and meta-analysis.

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to gain new insights into the routes of transmission to humans and assess whether tick bites are the dominant mechanism, as previously reported in the medical literature. Original articles were searched through Embase, Medline, and Global Health from 2009 to 2022.

Changes in marital and health status as risk factors for a subsequent negative wealth shock: A population-based longitudinal study in the United States, 1995-2020.

Objectives: A negative wealth shock, defined as a loss of ≥75% in equivalized household total wealth over a short period, may cause adverse health outcomes for older adults. The individual-level risk factors for experiencing a negative wealth shock in later adulthood are unclear.

Methods: Data were from 25,072 adults aged ≥55 in the longitudinal, population-based US Health and Retirement Study from 1995 to 2020 (n = 123,651 observations across all study respondents).

Efficacy of Combined CD38 and PD1 Inhibition with Isatuximab and Cemiplimab for Relapsed/Refractory NK/T-Cell Lymphoma.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of combining cemiplimab, an anti-PD1 antibody, with isatuximab, an anti-CD38 antibody, in relapsed or refractory extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (R/R ENKTL). The hypothesis was that CD38 blockade could enhance the antitumor activity of PD1 inhibitors. Eligible patients received cemiplimab (250 mg on days 1 and 15) and isatuximab (10 mg/kg on days 2 and 16) intravenously every four weeks for six cycles.

Structure of coxsackievirus cloverleaf RNA and 3C dimer establishes the RNA-binding mechanism of enterovirus protease 3C.

In positive-strand RNA viruses, the genome serves as a template for both protein translation and negative-strand RNA synthesis. Enteroviruses use the cloverleaf RNA structure at the 5' end of the genome to balance these two processes. Cloverleaf acts as a promoter for RNA synthesis and forms a complex with viral 3CD protein, the precursor to 3C protease, and 3D polymerase.

Bio-Inspired Ionic Sensors: Transforming Natural Mechanisms into Sensory Technologies.

Many natural organisms have evolved unique sensory systems over millions of years that have allowed them to detect various changes in their surrounding environments. Sensory systems feature numerous receptors-such as photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and chemoreceptors-that detect various types of external stimuli, including light, pressure, vibration, sound, and chemical substances. These stimuli are converted into electrochemical signals, which are transmitted to the brain to produce the sensations of sight, touch, hearing, taste, and smell.

The Role of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) on Postoperative Bleeding in Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Recent research highlights TXA's potential in managing postoperative bleeding in bariatric surgery, prompting us to evaluate its effectiveness for treatment and prophylaxis. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central, SciElo, and LILACS were searched for TXA studies in bariatric surgery, excluding those without control groups or with overlapping populations. Outcome analysis focused on postoperative bleeding, length of hospital stay (LOS), TXA side effects, mortality, transfusion needs, and thromboembolic complications.

Evaluating Toxic Interactions of Polystyrene Microplastics with Hazardous and Noxious Substances Using the Early Life Stages of the Marine Bivalve .

Plastics pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, owing to their slow biodegradability. Microplastics (MPs), in particular, affect marine life and maricultural organisms and can enter the food chain via ingestion by marine organisms, leading to bioaccumulation in predators, including humans. This study assessed the toxic interactions between polystyrene microplastic particles (PSMPs) and cadmium (Cd) and phenanthrene (Phe) using marine bivalves.

Establishment and Its Utility of a Patient-Derived Cell Xenografts (PDCX) Model with Cryopreserved Cancer Cells from Human Tumor.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are powerful tools in cancer research, offering an accurate platform for evaluating cancer treatment efficacy and predicting responsiveness. However, these models necessitate surgical techniques for tumor tissue transplantation and face challenges with non-uniform tumor growth among animals. To address these issues, we attempted to develop a new PDX modeling method using high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), a fatal disease with a 5-year survival rate of 29%, which requires personalized research due to its morphological, genetic, and molecular heterogeneities.

Advanced Anticounterfeiting: Angle-Dependent Structural Color-Based CuO/ZnO Nanopatterns with Deep Neural Network Supervised Learning.

Current anticounterfeiting technologies rely on deterministic processes that are easily replicable, require specialized devices for authentication, and involve complex manufacturing, resulting in high costs and limited scalability. This study presents a low-cost, mass-producible structural color-based anticounterfeiting pattern and a simple algorithm for discrimination. Nanopatterns aligned with the direction of incident light were fabricated by electrospinning, while CuO and ZnO were grown independently through a solution process.

Fused terthiophene end-capped with barbituric acid as non-fullerene n-type small molecule for an organic photo-detector.

In this work, a new n-type small molecule consisting of a fused thiophene backbone and barbituric acid as the electron-withdrawing group is reported. For green-selective organic photodiodes, when combined with p-type subphthalocyanine, the external quantum efficiency reached 64% at -3 V, owing to suitable absorption properties, efficient charge separation and relatively good transport.

Transdermal therapeutic polymer: synthesis of biocompatible polymer using 5-aminolevulinic acid as a photosensitizer precursor and a polymer initiator.

Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor caused by the malignancy of melanocytes that produce the melanin pigment. Various methods have been developed to combat melanoma, with photodynamic therapy (PDT) gaining the spotlight for its ability to eliminate cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species through light-sensitive photosensitizers. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the most commonly used PDT agent, which could be converted to the PpIX photosensitizer molecule within cancer cells.

Light-stimulated paper/polymer bilayer actuators incorporated with photosensitizers for enhanced actuation.

Photostimulated actuators can be remotely actuated and operated at high speed, making them potential candidates for soft robotics. In this study, a paper-based actuator activated solely by light was developed for weight lifting. A polymer blend, primarily made of agarose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS), as a photosensitizer, MXenes and methylene blue (MB) was employed on a paper substrate to produce a bilayer structure using a paintbrush technique.

Identification, Phylogeny, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Oomycota Species Causing Stem and Root Rots on Chrysanthemums in Korea.

Root and stem rot, caused by Pythiales (Oomycota), poses a significant threat to chrysanthemum ( spp.) cultivation worldwide. In Korea, previously undocumented rot and blight symptoms were observed on stems, roots, and leaves of (=), a chrysanthemum species with high global production.

Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications.

The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Think Tank XII was held on August 21st to 23rd. This year we showcased groundbreaking advancements in neuromodulation technology, focusing heavily on the novel uses of existing technology as well as next-generation technology. Our keynote speaker shared the vision of using neuro artificial intelligence to predict depression using brain electrophysiology.

Moldable and Particulate Bone Material in Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine possible histological and radiological differences in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), using moldable bone versus particulate bone.

Methods: After tooth extraction, 39 patients (40 teeth) were randomized (1:1) to receive ARP using moldable bone materials (SBX group) or particulate bone materials (PBX group). An absorbable collagen membrane was placed over the graft material and the surgical site was sutured.

Phosphorylation of an RNA-Binding Protein Rck/Me31b by Hippo Is Essential for Adipose Tissue Aging.

The metazoan lifespan is determined in part by a complex signaling network that regulates energy metabolism and stress responses. Key signaling hubs in this network include insulin/IGF-1, AMPK, mTOR, and sirtuins. The Hippo/Mammalian Ste20-like Kinase1 (MST1) pathway has been reported to maintain lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, but its role has not been studied in higher metazoans.

LLM-Driven Synthesis Planning for Quantum Dot Materials Development.

The application of large language models in materials science has opened new avenues for accelerating materials development. Building on this advancement, we propose a novel framework leveraging large language models to optimize experimental procedures for synthesizing quantum dot materials with multiple desired properties. Our framework integrates the synthesis protocol generation model and the property prediction model, both fine-tuned on open-source large language models using parameter-efficient training techniques with in-house synthesis protocol data.

Effectiveness of abdominal bracing core exercises as rehabilitation therapy for reducing abdominal symptoms in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and significant polycystic liver disease.

In patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who also have polycystic liver disease (PLD), organomegaly often leads to abdominal symptoms. Abdominal bracing core (ABC) exercises have been validated as effective for alleviating chronic back pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ABC rehabilitation exercises in reducing pain in ADPKD patients with significant PLD.

Reirradiation Special Medical Physics Consultations: Lessons Learned from Nearly 3000 Courses of Treatment.

Introduction: Reirradiation (reRT) has become increasingly prevalent due to an aging population and advancements in cancer detection and treatment. However, the field is still lacking standardized dosimetric evaluation methods and reRT workflows, which leads to difficulty in correlating clinical outcomes with delivered dose. This study reports on the implementation and evolution of a standardized reRT workflow in the Department of Radiation Oncology at [redacted], describing insights gained from nearly 3000 external beam reirradiation courses delivered since 2017.

Engineering mtDNA deletions by reconstituting end joining in human mitochondria.

Recent breakthroughs in the genetic manipulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have enabled precise base substitutions and the efficient elimination of genomes carrying pathogenic mutations. However, reconstituting mtDNA deletions linked to mitochondrial myopathies remains challenging. Here, we engineered mtDNA deletions in human cells by co-expressing end-joining (EJ) machinery and targeted endonucleases.